国有企业混合所有制改革下股东利益博弈分析

国有企业混合所有制改革是当前理论探讨的热点。以分权控制理论为基础,构建国有股东、民营股东和监督机构三方的利益博弈模型,并对模型进行分析。结果显示,国有股东侵占民营股东的概率受监督机构监督成本和国有股东被监督损失等因素的影响,监督机构选择自主监督国有股东的概率受国有股东侵占行为惩罚力度系数、国有股东侵占额外收益和民营股东诉讼赔偿等因素影响。要加强对国有股东的惩罚力度,发挥好政府的监督作用,增强中小股东权利保障机制,推进国有企业混合所有制改革的步伐。     

新一代信息技术产业融资模式的创新绩效研究

目前,我国新一代信息技术产业的各种外源融资模式中仍存在一些问题: 财政补贴重“面”略“点”、信贷融资结构欠佳、股权融资过于集中、商业信用融资“断链”“短链”。实证研究结果显示,企业规模对于企业创新有显著的促进作用,而股权融资变量却与被解释变量呈显著负相关关系,其他解释变量与被解释变量不相关。基于此,新一代信息技术产业融资模式的优化要以创新改革财税支持模式,提高资金使用绩效;以区块链技术嵌入信息平台,创新信贷融资模式;以股权激励促进研发创新,增强产业核心竞争力;以技术链创新发展反哺产业链,加固产业链韧性。     

控股股东股权质押是否会影响企业投资效率？——基于中国A股上市公司的证据

文章选取2010-2020年中国A股上市公司年度数据,采用面板回归模型对控股股东股权质押对企业投资效率的影响及其作用机制进行了实证分析。研究表明：（1）控股股东股权质押对企业投资效率具有抑制作用。相对于国有与高社会责任企业,控股股东股权质押对非国有与低社会责任企业投资效率的影响更为明显。（2）控股股东股权质押会降低投资不足状态企业的投资效率,但有助于提升投资过度状态企业的投资效率,这归因于控股股东股权质押引发的企业融资约束效应。（3）控股股东股权质押主要通过加大企业金融化及助推大股东掏空渠道来抑制企业投资效率,“控股股东股权质押-企业金融化/大股东掏空-企业投资效率”的传导渠道均有效。（4）股权制衡度与审计质量对两者关系均具有正向调节作用,股权制衡度与审计质量的提高均会加剧控股股东股权质押对企业投资效率的抑制作用。     

农地确权能够在农村信贷市场发挥“德·索托效应”吗？——兼论中国农地抵押之佯谬

理论分析农地确权发挥德·索托效应的作用机理及其服务边界,同时兼论实践中的中国农地抵押之佯谬,以此综合评估确权后中国农地金融改革能否有效缓解农村信贷市场的融资约束难题,由此也延伸出对创新农村融资模式以满足农户融资需求的进一步讨论。分析表明,农地确权的德·索托效应在农村信贷市场尚不能完全发挥,其对融资约束的缓解作用在信贷需求端“有效”,而在信贷供给端“有限”,农户融资需求无法有效转化为实际供给。分析现阶段中国农地抵押的法律困境和委托代理问题发现,中国农地抵押改革在实践过程中存在佯谬,致使农地确权的德·索托效应在信贷供给端受限：一是外部环境尚未建立起服务于农地抵押的配套制度与措施,导致农地经营权无法成为金融机构认可的合格抵押品;二是农商行二元目标不一致及其与农户之间的信息不对称致使农地抵押贷款“失灵”。最后,建议加强农地金融改革的顶层设计,深化农地金融改革与缓解融资约束的有效对接;另外,可从抵押替代机制角度,探析缓解农村融资约束困境的创新模式。     

多源流理论视角下《新时代基础教育强师计划》政策议程解析

以多源流理论为分析框架,对《新时代基础教育强师计划》制定过程进行深入分析。研究得出：多组客观数据指标所表征的教师思想素质、能力素养、资源配置、地位待遇等问题,在师德失范焦点事件的伴奏以及相关政策反馈信息的推动下迅速形成问题流;政府部门人员倡议、相关政策措施、专家学者利益共同体的回应汇聚成为政策流;强烈的国民情绪以及党的“办好人民满意的教育”的执政意识与理念构成政治流。三源流不断嵌套、互动、积累,在“耦合”之时,开启政策之窗,促成《强师计划》政策议程的确立。     

How does BREXIT affect production patterns of multinational enterprises?

This paper explores how the British exit from the European Union (EU) potentially affects the United Kingdom (UK) economy and the production patterns of multinational enterprises that choose the UK as either a destination market or a gateway to the EU market. Utilizing an extended version of the knowledge-capital model, which includes six types of firms and four countries grouped into market and non-market, simulation analysis reveals that efforts to enhance attractiveness of the UK as a destination market to increase horizontal-type inward foreign direct investment would be a solution to cover losses from reduction in the number of export-platforms.     

Female labor force participation in the US: How is immigration shaping recent trends?

Women entered the paid workforce in unprecedented numbers during the 20th century. Yet recent years have been witness to a creeping reversal in women's labor force participation. Why did the revolution stall? In response to debates over a “natural” limit to women's employment, or a cultural backlash against the dual-breadwinner household, we consider an alternative explanation, namely whether immigration has slowed the growth in female labor force participation. Using CPS data from 1998 to 2018, we show that the increase in the share of immigrants and children of immigrants in the population has reduced overall female labor force participation. However, immigration accounts for relatively little of the retreat from the labor force. Instead, the compositional effect of population change is overshadowed by behavioral shifts that affect both natives and immigrants. Lower participation rates among native-born women accounts for most of the overall decline. Despite persistent differences, we also find substantial convergence in the labor force behavior of native-born and foreign-born women, which bodes well for the long-term economic incorporation of immigrants and their children.     

Young people and the gendered and aesthetic dimensions of ‘enterprise’: stories from a ‘Rust Belt’ city

ABSTRACT

In the ‘Rust Belt’ city of Geelong in Victoria, Australia, discourses of young people’s enterprise and innovation provide a counter-narrative to the prevailing material and symbolic consequences of industrial decline, job losses, and the growing insecurity of employment and income. GT Magazine is a weekly, large circulation magazine in Geelong with a significant focus on the activities and aspirations of enterprising young people. In this paper, we examine, by utilising techniques of content analysis and discourse analysis, the particular ways in which young people’s innovation and enterprise are framed and enacted in GT Magazine. Our analysis reveals that ‘youth’ and ‘enterprise’ are, in GT Magazine, given an embodied form that is powerfully marked by aestheticised, normalised enactments of gender, class and race. In doing this work, we make productive contributions to three key themes in contemporary youth studies: new work orders and the youthful self as enterprise; the gendered and aesthetic dimensions of affective labour in these new work orders; and the emerging spatial turn to examine young people's embodied, place-based experiences of employment and enterprise. We seek to make problematic the sense that solutions to multiple disruptions and crises in capitalism and the environment are to be found in young people’s enterprise. Particularly when that enterprise is given form in ways that are aestheticised, gendered, classed, individualised and responsibilised.     

全球价值链背景下加工贸易企业升级路径分析

金融危机以来国际贸易保护主义色彩浓郁，中国内部粗放型经济增长方式存在一定的不可持续性和人口红利开始逐渐消失，中国加工贸易嵌入发达国家主导的全球价值链低附加值和低生产率问题引起了学者的注意。随着外部贸易环境、国内新常态要素禀赋结构的变化和深化供给侧结构性改革的需要，推动加工贸易企业升级已经成为中国经济结构调整的一个重要部分。通过分析中国加工贸易的起源、发展和现状，描述全球价值链背景下加工贸易的若干特征和“低端锁定”问题，引出了融资约束对企业经营决策、出口行为以及企业全球价值链上地位的影响，并围绕以生产过程、产品升级和功能升级为主的产业内升级和以劳动密集型向技术密集型转变为特征的产业间升级两个角度，提出了中国加工贸易企业在全球价值链上攀升的路径。研究认为，着重强调人力资本积累、本土企业技术外溢的吸收能力以及自主研发能力的培养，同时结合国际产能合作和“一带一路”倡议等现实背景，实现东西双向开放，塑造以我为主的包容性的区域价值链和国内价值链等，是中国加工贸易企业升级的路径和新机遇。     

Why is the gender revolution uneven and stalled? Gender essentialism and men's movement into ‘women's work'

Men's limited movement into female occupations has been identified as a key barrier to future declines in occupational sex segregation and achieving greater gender equality. So why are men so reticent to enter jobs normatively regarded as female? Drawing from qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders in four female‐dominated occupations in Australia, this article documents the processes that influence men's employment in gender‐atypical jobs. Gender essentialism is central to many processes that generate and/or stall changes in men's representation in female‐dominated occupations. While gender essentialism's role in producing and reproducing occupation sex segregation is well known, its role in reducing occupational sex segregation is a critical process which has previously received limited attention. The article details gender essentialism's integrative function.