Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

近十年来国内关于中国妇女参政研究综述

自1995年中国举办第四次世界妇女大会以来,妇女参政问题成为研究妇女解放与发展的热点问题之一,涌现了一批有价值的研究成果.     

国际妇女参政运动的新趋势

妇女参政是妇女的基本人权,也是推动人类社会可持续发展和社会改革的重要内容。第四次世界妇女大会以来,在联合国的倡导和支持下,国际妇女参政运动在发展方向和发展政策方面取得积极进展和成功经验,同时提出新的奋斗目标和诉求;其发展趋势和经验教训,对中国妇女参与政治和决策有借鉴意义。     

Is CSR the panacea for SMEs? A study of socially responsible SMEs during economic crisis

There is increasing research attention as to how SMEs might realize corporate social responsibility opportunities. Most studies focus on the pursuance of responsible business strategies that result in favourable business outcomes. This study investigates SMEs who actively participate in CSR activities in a south-eastern European country during the economic crisis of the Eurozone. Data collected reveals that stakeholder salience and proximity moderate the relationship between CSR and financial performance. The context of this study is important as it addresses the paucity of research carried out in countries during economic crisis and sheds light on the positive aspects of CSR practices adopted during crisis.     

CEO差序来源对民营上市公司创新产出的影响

基于差序格局理论,将CEO来源按关系亲疏分为本人、亲人、熟人和外人CEO,以2007—2019年民营上市公司为样本,实证研究了CEO差序来源对企业创新产出的直接作用、中介作用和调节作用。结果表明：CEO差序来源对民营上市公司创新产出的影响显著为负,即CEO差序来源越疏远,民营上市公司创新产出越少;创新投入在CEO差序来源对企业创新产出的影响中起到了中介作用;企业的盈利能力和现金持有水平调节了CEO差序来源对企业创新产出的影响。据此,建议民营上市公司在聘请CEO时,优先选择亲人CEO和熟人CEO,在亲人CEO资源缺乏的情况下,可聘用熟人CEO,这样,更能提升企业的创新产出;同时,企业应提高自身盈利能力和现金持有水平,为企业创新活动奠定基础。     

晋察冀边区的“三三制”村政权建设

村政权是抗日民主政权的基石。晋察冀边区经1938-1940年村政建设,广大乡村实现了由村长制到村民委员会制的过渡,大批抗日人士走上了村长的岗位。为推进全民族抗战和边区民主建政进程,1941年之后的晋察冀边区村选贯彻了"三三制"思想,在更加扩大的民主范围和统一战线的基础上进行村政建设。村级抗日民主政权的"三三制"建设,表明中国共产党人政权观日渐成熟。它适应了全民族总动员的抗日斗争的客观需要,适应中国社会阶级构成"两头小中间大"的国情,使各抗日阶级、阶层、党派代表进入基层抗日民主政权的领导,行使议政从政的权利,促进了乡村社会治理,从而极大地激发了乡村民众的抗日救国积极性,为夺取抗日战争的胜利发挥了十分重要的作用,为解放区和新中国成立后村政建设积累了经验,树立起了"模型"。     

“健康丝绸之路”构建的“政府—社会”复合路径

借鉴社会运动理论,可探索一种融合了政府自上而下和社会自下而上进程的“政府—社会”复合路径,以构建“健康丝绸之路”。社会运动理论的三种视角可为这种复合路径的具体实施与需要关注的环节带来重要启发：首先,当前新冠肺炎疫情的跨国传播暴露了全球公共卫生治理体系存在的严重不足,凸显出构建补充型国际卫生合作模式的必要性与紧迫性;其次,推进“健康丝绸之路”的构建,需要政府和社会层面的协作,将“一带一路”沿线国家的资源充分调动起来,形成优势互补与资源共享。与此同时,要推进健康话语体系的完善,如倡导和促进“人类卫生健康共同体”理念的传播,通过话语和心理共鸣等民心相通的途径,促使国际社会采取联合行动以共同应对全球公共卫生危机。     

零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的影响研究——基于上市企业年报的文本挖掘分析

在构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,零售企业数字化转型具有重要的现实意义。基于2010—2019年中国实体上市零售企业的年报信息,采用文本挖掘法测算了零售企业的数字化转型水平,并实证检验了零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的影响机制与效应。实证结果表明,数字化转型显著促进了零售企业经营效率的提升。从影响机制来看,数字化转型通过扩大市场规模和改善管理效率对经营效率产生正向影响;从数字化转型的分维度来看,数字化技术的应用对经营效率的提升有显著促进作用,而数字化商业模式和数字化渠道的作用不显著。从异质性分析来看,数字化转型对零售企业经营效率的提升效应主要体现在国有企业当中;规模过大会抑制零售企业数字化转型对经营效率的提升作用;东中部地区零售企业数字化转型对提升经营效率的影响显著,但是这一影响在西部地区并不显著。因此,加快推进数字化转型升级,加大数字化技术应用力度,发挥国有企业示范作用,以及克服“大企业病”,均是促进零售企业经营效率提升的关键。     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

国有资本收益收取政策对央企上市公司现金股利影响研究

自2007年国务院出台中央企业国有资本收益收取办法以来,经过2010年和2014年的连续调整,国有资本收益收取初步形成了一套制度体系,影响力也在不断扩大。在这样的背景之下,央企上市公司的现金股利政策是否受到国有资本收益收取政策的影响、国资收益收取比例是否合理值得进一步探究。基于代理理论对国有资本收益收取政策和上市公司现金股利政策的关系进行了理论分析并提出研究假设。研究结果表明,上市公司现金股利政策不仅受到传统的公司特征以及公司内部治理特征因素的影响,还受到宏观政策的制度因素的影响。