How Can Low‐income Countries Gain from a Framework Agreement on Climate Change? An Analysis with Integrated Assessment Modelling

By using the integrated assessment model RICE this article carries out a scenario analysis with different assumptions about international negotiations on climate change, in particular hypothesising about reduction in targets for greenhouse gas emissions, technology transfers and financial transfer programmes. It finds that, in terms of growth, developing countries and in particular sub‐Saharan Africa will benefit from agreements that reduce the level of pollution and promote technological diffusion. Moreover, when developed countries are subject to emissions limits and poor regions have no such commitments, financial transfers from rich to developing countries for adaptation and mitigation enhance pro‐poor growth and help the effectiveness of poor countries in reducing emissions.     

Understanding the relationship between social change and its impacts: The experience of rural land use change in south-eastern Australia

This study investigated socio-economic impacts of land use change, giving explicit attention to the relationships between independently observed land use change and associated socio-economic changes, perceived land use change and socio-economic change, attributed cause of change, and experienced impacts of change. Using a case study region in south-east Australia, we examined the impacts of growth in use of land for dairy farming, cropping, blue gum plantations and rural residential development on (i) rural population trends, and (ii) the amount and nature of employment available in the study region. Perceptions and impacts of change were assessed using multiple qualitative and quantitative methods. Results demonstrate that local residents were not always aware of the extent and nature of land use change, and had difficulty attributing social changes and their impacts to the land use changes that underlie them. Furthermore, the felt impacts of land use change appeared dependent on a person's awareness of that change, and on their beliefs about the causes of social change. These findings highlight avenues for theoretical development to better specify the processes by which social change processes are experienced as human impacts. The findings also have implications for land use policy and social impact assessment, illustrating the importance of understanding both perceived and actual social change.     

Psychological Testing in Child Custody Evaluations With Ethnically Diverse Families: Ethical Concerns and Practice Recommendations

Given increasing ethnic diversity of divorcing families, it is more important than ever for family court evaluators to understand the ethical concerns and principles underlying the use of psychological testing with ethnic family members. Major professional organizations have promulgated the guidelines of child custody evaluation with an imperative to consider cultural factors in the evaluation. However, there is a paucity of literature that addresses ethnicity and psychological testing in child custody evaluations. This article addresses three major ethical domains: (a) competence, (b) test fairness, and (c) test interpretation when psychological tests are used. Practice recommendations provide guidelines to ensure ethical standards and competence in using psychological testing with ethnically diverse families in child custody and other family court evaluations.     

我国城市休闲化发展质量的评价研究

城市休闲化是当代城市发展中的一个新课题。本文结合我国城市休闲化发展的实际状况,通过构建由公共基础、消费能力、产业能力和特色资源等4方面指标组成的城市休闲化质量测评体系,对我国27个省会城市、4个直辖市和5个计划单列市的发展质量进行比较全面和客观的质量测度与数据分析。研究表明,我国城市休闲化质量在整体上处于较低的发展程度。     

转型经济下民营企业家个体特质、情境对公司创业的驱动机制 ——基于QCA的探索性研究

在中国经济转型的大市场环境下,企业如何将公司创业的意愿成功付诸于创业行动,是学术界广泛讨论的话题。文章利用全国私营企业调查问卷表数据,以102家私营企业作为案例样本,通过模糊集定性比较分析(QCA)方法将企业家个体特质与情境两个层面整合,同时从这两个层面进一步细分,去探讨组态效应对公司创业的多重并发影响机制。经过数据分析可以获知,企业家的社群式身份是高公司创业活跃度的必要条件,且导致高公司创业活跃度有四条组态(路径);导致非高公司创业活跃度的有一条组态(路径),两者之间存在非对称关系。     

绩效管理与目标管理的互动效应

绩效管理是人力资源管理中一项重要的工作内容。但在实际工作中 ,存在着诸多问题 ,使得绩效管理流于形式 ,有时甚至起到了消极的作用。结合目标管理法 ,在目标管理和绩效管理之间建立一种互动的关系 ,在目标管理工作推进的同时 ,制订绩效考评的标准与方法 ,进一步以绩效管理的工作来推进下一轮目标管理的工作 ,可以形成一种齿轮状咬合前进的良性循环系统     

人力资本理论与经营者收益分配研究

经营者人力资本使用的主动权掌握在经营者本人手中,物质资本所有者无法从外部强制其高效率工作,同时管理工作的特殊性决定了难以对其实施低成本监督;因此,物质资本所有者只能遵循激励兼容原则,设计有效的激励方案,最大程度地解决委托代理问题。文章遵循短期激励、中期激励和长期激励相结合的原则,设计了由固定薪酬、风险薪酬和弹性薪酬相结合的经营者报酬激励制度,提出了基于经济增加值EVA和市场增加值MVA的经营者长期股权收益激励方案,强化了经营者报酬与企业经营业绩的相关性。人力资本参与企业收益分配的过程是人力资本与物质资本博弈的过程,人力资本参与收益分配的方式和程度是双方博弈的直接产物。     

中国企业家精神特质及其建构条件分析

现代企业家精神的核心内涵是进取精神、创新精神、契约精神、诚信精神、敬业精神、奉献精神和民族精神。中国传统文化中不乏建构企业家精神的优秀因子,我们却迟迟未能将这种文化精华转化为中华民族的企业家精神。这里既有历史上轻商、抑商等局部文化的束缚,也有制度缺陷的制约。审视国内当代企业家的生存环境,必须立足于优秀传统文化的源泉,孕育出崭新时代的企业家伦理:修身、兴企、报国、富天下。要在制度和文化层面上为中华民族企业家精神的弘扬营造厚实的土壤。     

论研究奥运经济影响的思路与方法

北京 2 0 0 8年奥运会将对首都经济产生重要的影响。研究奥运对经济影响的思路和方法主要包括 :首先 ,从空间范围和时间维度上界定“奥运的经济影响”。其次 ,确定研究思路或技术路线。再次 ,如何把奥运的经济影响从有关经济指标的数值中分离出来。最后 ,确定研究框架。在这个框架内 ,可以把奥运对经济的影响区分为一般影响和特殊影响 ,并把奥运的经济影响分解为若干个主题来进行研究。     

Responding to the call: a conceptual model for kinship care assessment

Kinship care has become an important care option worldwide. However, in many jurisdictions, child welfare services use traditional foster care assessment systems. The assessment of the kinship home poses particular challenges. The initial assessment of the kinship home, enabling emergency placements, provides a child‐centred perspective. However, agencies frequently fail to meet the designated time frame for completion of the assessment/approval process. Such failures require the development of different conceptual models for kinship care service delivery, especially for assessments. This paper builds on earlier work on assessment models, drawing on the international literature and the author's involvement and research on kinship care in Ireland. The usability of the proposed model needs to be evaluated across different legislative, policy and practice contexts internationally.