Bus rapid transit identity meets universal design

As bus rapid transit (BRT) systems continue to become more popular and as capital expenditure for such projects continues to grow, careful consideration of BRT identity design becomes ever more necessary. Properly considered identity systems can ensure accessibility to and usability of physical features and can also ensure that BRT systems are accessible and practical to use. Based on the seven principles of universal design, this article proposes a basic means to evaluate existing and planned BRT identity systems. The article concludes with recommendations for evaluators and guidelines for designers of BRT identity systems that will help to ensure the practical usability of BRT identity systems by a broad audience of diverse users, regardless of physical, cognitive or situational ability.     

The Role of Actuaries and Underwriters in Insuring Ambiguous Risks

Although there is a large body of literature on the unwillingness of the insurance industry to offer protection against risks such as environmental pollution, there has been only limited analysis regarding two key actors in the decision process—actuaries and underwriters. However, if actuaries and underwriters feel that a particular type of risk is uninsurable, then it is unlikely to be offered. This paper investigates how ambiguities associated with a risk affect actuary and underwriter decision processes, the paper contends that the decision of the insurance industry to not provide protection against environmental pollution liability is due to ambiguity of the risk. Empirical evidence from controlled laboratory experiments with actuaries and a model of choice in underwriter decision processes support this point.     

新时代黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展之生态法治保障三论

新时代黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展将面临新的任务和挑战，而生态治理越来越走向法治化轨道必将成为今后重要的治理方式，同时生态法治化也是推动国家环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然选择。通过梳理并阐释国家对西部黄河流域生态保护发展的规范文本及其释义，透视国家对黄河流域发展的理念转变，进而指出新时代黄河流域生态法治发展存在的问题。其主要表现在没有充分体现生态法治体系化发展的理念，缺乏地方立法对生态保护政策的落实，环境政策没有与其他政策之间实现良性互动。再从健全黄河流域生态法治规范体系出发，实现法律与环境政策之间协同保障生态环境，达致环境政策一体化实施的目的，进一步完善法律规范与环境政策协同保障黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，实现黄河流域生态法治化保障进路。     

论环境纠纷行政处理机制的完善 --以《环境保护法》的修改为契机

行政处理对于环境纠纷的解决具有重要性,但我国对于环境纠纷行政处理的内容和性质的争议导致实践中的困惑,因而有必要在《环境保护法》修改之际加以明确。环境纠纷的行政处理应包括行政调解和行政裁决,环境行政裁决是具体行政行为,该具体行政行为应接受司法审查,当事人不服的,可提起行政诉讼。同时在此基础上考虑构建新型的环境诉讼,将对环境纠纷行政处理的司法审查和解决环境纠纷结合起来。     

保险合同争议及其防范

近年来各种保险合同争议呈快速增长之势,对保险各方的利益均造成了影响,阻碍了保险业务的健康发展和保险职能的发挥。本文从理论和实践的角度对保险合同争议的特征、产生原因和消极影响进行了分析,提出了保险合同争议的防范,以寻求避免和解决保险合同争议的有效方法。     

加强澜沧江-湄公河次区域环保建设之我见

环保建设是造福子孙后代,关系到国家、地区经济、社会可持续性发展战略实施的重大举措。澜沧江-湄公河次区域的开发是实施西部大开发战略的一个重点项目,在开发这一流域的过程中必须重视环保建设,以实现该区域生态、经济、社会的可持续性发展。     

巢湖环境资本经营的战略构想

从环境经营效率角度,深入分析了巢湖环境资产经营中政府投资与经营低效率的根源,剖析了环境资产市场化、资本化经营的桎梏,并认为构建区域型环境资产包是提高区域性环境资本经营效率的有效途径.     

Earthquake Culture and Corporate Action

In this paper we examine the effects of different components of corporate culture on two different categories of action in both routine and jolted environments. Data were collected on a heterogeneous sample of 54 corporations in the San Francisco Bay Area. We examined how the values, knowledge, and practices dimensions of corporate culture influenced actions to prepare for responding to future earthquake disasters and actions to mitigate or reduce future physical and associated earthquake losses. The findings show that corporate earthquake culture is a multidimensional concept, that varied elements of culture function to impact corporate action differently is distinct organizational environments, and that culture's impact on organizational action is contingent on the type of action being considered.     

天人和谐与中国古代环境道德

环境道德是调整人与环境的关系、规范人对自然的行为的道德。中国传统伦理思想中萌生和蕴含了丰富而深刻的环境道德思想;我国"天人合一"学说认为自然万物之间具有和谐统一的关系,应该说这种关系的本身就是生态学上的概念,因而早在古代就已形成朴素生态学和重视生态和谐的思想,这是中国传统环境道德的根本观点和理论基础。我们应当继承和发扬我国优秀传统文化,使之与具有时代特征的现代内容相整合,提高环境意识,以利于我国可持续发展战略和环境保护基本国策,加强社会主义现代化建设,创建21世纪的绿色文明。     

生态视野下草原住区适宜规模的框架研究

草原住区作为人类最基本的一种聚居单元,是实现人与自然和谐相处的最佳契合点,为寻求草原人居环境的和谐,本文主张从草原“环境承载力”和住区“聚集效益”两个角度界定草原住区适宜规模,一方面,控制草原住区的规模无疑是保护草原环境的有力措施,另一方面,一定聚集度的草原住区是保障草原住区经济、社会、文化协调发展的关键。