Will Swedish and Dutch drug policy converge? The role of theory

Sweden and The Netherlands are often referred to as the archetypes of prohibition and harm reduction, respectively. Both nations have, however, recently adopted political measures that fit well in the other country's model. But they have also taken steps that reflect traditional thinking. Are we witnessing the initial stages of convergence or are recent developments better interpreted as adjustments? This article addresses these questions by comparing Swedish and Dutch theoretical understandings of ‘the drug problem’. Goals and practices are illuminated in the context of underlying theory, raising the question: Can substantial convergence be achieved without significant prior changes in theoretical perceptions? It is found that the theoretical understandings of the two paradigms do not mix easily, complicating attempts at convergence. Moreover, both countries have invested a great deal of political prestige in their respective models, further exacerbating the problem. A conceivable way to circumvent these difficulties is suggested.     

意识形态视角下的美国对华政策

作为一种系统的认识论或道德信念模式,意识形态在各国的外交政策中事实上起着世界观和方法论的作用。美国虽然号称最讲究“实用主义”,但它的对外政策同样也一直深受其意识形态的影响,尤其明显地反映在它的对华政策中。意识形态依然是美国决定其对华政策的一个重要原因。     

1989年以来澳大利亚多元文化政策的发展评析

澳大利亚多元文化政策产生于1973年,在1989年被确立为基本国策。此后,多元文化政策得到澳大利亚历届政府不断的坚持和改进,并在原则和措施等方面出现了一些新的发展趋势。这些适时的变化促进了澳大利亚社会的宽容与和谐。     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.     

我国城市交通可持续发展初探

本文首先给出了城市交通发展与城市交通环境影响互动机理的计算公式 ,在此基础上提出了城市交通环境损害治理的完整逻辑体系 ,然后结合我国的实际情况 ,从环境经济与技术经济的角度出发 ,就我国城市交通的可持续发展发表了相关看法。     

农业主导型财政下的乡镇治理--以河南刘乡为例

对于财政收入主要来源于农业经济的农村地区 ,乡镇财政的压力既推动了乡镇政权组织发展本地经济 ,同时也导致了乡镇政权组织加大财政提取力度 ,甚至为此不惜违反国家有关法律和政策 ,从而削弱了基层政权的合法性基础 ,加剧了农村社会矛盾。要改善农业地区的乡镇治理状况 ,必须结合农业主导型乡镇财政的特点改革农村管理体制。     

决策理论中的理性主义与渐进主义及其适用性

理性主义和渐进主义都是决策理论中的主要的根源性模式。对这两种模式的可行性和应用性的批评、争议和讨论 ,引发了多种决策模式的出现 ,同时也使前者得到不断改进 ,促进了决策理论的发展。考察这两种模式的主要特点和它们的相互关系 ,探讨它们在实践中的适用性 ,考量其利弊 ,有助于我们进一步加深对这两种决策模式的认识 ,并使之能在适当的应用中发挥积极的作用 ,从而改善我们的决策方式和决策质量     

关于高校师资管理机制的探讨

该文阐述高校师资管理机制的含义、特征、作用 ,通过分析高校师资管理机制存在的问题和原因 ,进而提出师资管理机制的完善对策。     

宋太祖受禅的佛教谶言与宋初政教关系的重建

从学界不太关注的宋太祖受禅的佛教谶言之视角 ,探讨宋初良性政教关系重建的原因     

论吸引民间资本发展环保产业的重要性及途径

我国的环保产业历经 2 0余年的发展已初步具有一定规模 ,但与产业自身和经济发展的需要仍有较大差距 ,资金缺乏正是其中最重要的原因之一。因此新的投融资机制和渠道的建立 ,特别是吸引民间资本的参与 ,就成为发展我国环保产业的关键