电子政务条件下政务信息资源标准化研究

政务信息资源的标准化对促进电子政务的发展有着非常重要的作用.根据我国的实际情况,借鉴西方经验,我国政务信息资源的标准化建设可从信息资源标准化体系、信息基础设施、信息应用支撑技术平台以及信息资源评价体系建设等方面着手,在规定路径上统一实施.     

市场微观结构对量价关系的影响研究

从实证的角度分析了我国证券市场交易量与回报之间的动态关系。以上交所200只股票在2003年1月4日到2006年5月31日期间的高频分笔交易数据为样本，分别考察了交易价差、公司规模和信息发布事件对我国股市量价关系的影响，实证结果表明市值大、价差小的股票，在大交易量的日子回报呈现持续性，而市值低、价差大的股票，在大交易量的日子回报呈现翻转性，这一结论与美国市场结论相反。     

马克思主义环境思想释义

随着对环境问题研究的日益深入，马克思主义环境思想也越来越引起人们的关注。在这一崭新的研究领域，由于研究者们在研究内容、方向、角度以及层次方面的差异，导致了称谓上的混乱。“马克思主义环境思想”为什么不能称之为“马克思的环境保护思想”，也不能称之为“马克思的生态思想”或“马克思主义生态学”？“马克思主义环境思想”和“生态马克思主义”的关系怎样？本文对上述问题给出了回答。     

A Simple Formula for Calculating the "Mass Density" of a Lognormally Distributed Characteristic: Applications to Risk Analysis

Statements such as "80% of the employees do 20% of the work" or "the richest 1% of society controls 10% of its assets" are commonly used to describe the distribution or concentration of a variable characteristic within a population. Analogous statements can be constructed to reflect the relationship between probability and concentration for unvarying quantities surrounded by uncertainty. Both kinds of statements represent specific usages of a general relationship, the "mass density function," that is not widely exploited in risk analysis and management. This paper derives a simple formula for the mass density function when the uncertainty and/or the variability in a quantity is lognormally distributed; the formula gives the risk analyst an exact, "back-of-the-envelope" method for determining the fraction of the total amount of a quantity contained within any portion of its distribution. For example, if exposures to a toxicant are lognormally distributed with σ_{in x}= 2, 50% of all the exposure is borne by the 2.3% of persons most heavily exposed. Implications of this formula for various issues in risk assessment are explored, including: (1) the marginal benefits of risk reduction; (2) distributional equity and risk perception; (3) accurate confidence intervals for the population mean when a limited set of data is available; (4) the possible biases introduced by the uncritical assumption that extreme "outliers" exist; and (5) the calculation of the value of new information.     

Informing the Public About Uncertain Risks

Many problems arise in connection with the communication of risk information. In this article the content of the information communicated is taken as a starting-point for analyzing the risk communication process. We studied the way in which authorities communicated health risks to local residents in Dutch soil pollution situations and found that communication problems were characterized more by misunderstanding and conflict between parties with different views and interests than by a lack of understanding. Therefore, it is important to look more closely at the way the communicators of information (in our cases, officials) select risk information from risk assessments, and to study the effects that the information selected has on the receivers (in our cases, residents). Both the process of selection by the officials and the process of interpretation by the residents will be shown to be influenced by the different institutional backgrounds. The article presents a new approach to risk communication. Both the risk information presented by the authorities and the public reactions to this risk information are considered to reflect the institutional background of authorities and residents, and can be analyzed in these terms. Such an approach has consequences for the study of risk communication and the manner in which it is practiced.     

“环境法学方法论”名称解析

对“环境法学方法论”这一名称涉及的基本概念进行了解析，包括：法、律、法律的区别；法学、律学的区别；方法、方法学、方法论的区别；学、论的区别；环境、生态的区别。这种解析，有利于环境法学方法论名称的理解和诠释，为环境法学方法论的深入研究奠定了基础。     

非对称信息下证券公司道德风险定价模型的研究

由于证券市场上非对称信息状态的存在,信息差别给证券投资者保护制度带来了不容忽视的道德风险结果,本文通过建立证券公司道德风险定价模型,计算出了证券公司向证券投资者保护基金机构缴纳保护基金的费率基准。据此,在保护证券投资者利益的基础上,证券投资者保护基金机构可以向证券公司按照给出的费率基准收取保护基金,从而减少证券公司道德风险的发生。     

关于建设电子化图书馆的思考

近年来在全国范围内出现了图书馆馆藏收藏量下降和社会文献量急剧增加的尖锐矛盾,这背离了公众对信息交流需要的供求规律.在现代信息社会的环境下,建设现代化电子化图书馆是必要、现实和适逢其时的.     

SOME SECOND ORDER ASYMPTOTICS IN EXPONENTIAL FAMILY NON-LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS (A GEOMETRIC APPROACH)

The differential geometric framework of Amari (1982a, 1985) is applied to the study of some second order asymptotics related to the curvatures for exponential family nonlinear regression models, in which the observations are independent but not necessarily identically distributed. This paper presents a set of reasonable regularity conditions which are needed to study asymptotics from a geometric point of view in regression models. A new stochastic expansion of a first order efficient estimator is derived and used to study several asymptotic problems related to Fisher information in terms of curvatures. The bias and the covariance of the first order efficient estimator are also calculated according to the expansion.     

国际政治视野中的环境安全研究综述

近年来,环境问题日益恶化,成为影响国家安全和人类社会可持续发展的重大问题,因而环境安全上升为国际政治领域的焦点问题。作为国际政治的新领域,学者们对环境安全的由来、性质、概念、特点及其国际政治效应的认识方面还存在诸多差异,辩明这种差异对于深刻把握环境安全对国际政治的影响具有重要意义。