社会主义市场经济的环境利益

环境利益体现了利益内涵中人与自然的关系。社会主义市场经济的发展要求在经济系统中加入环境利益变量,环境利益与经济利益存在对立统一关系;加入环境利益的经济系统,在科学发展观的指导下,完善了马克思的劳动价值理论,并为生态效益型的经济发展和循环经济的建立提供依据;在科学发展观指导下确立环境利益原则,为环境利益的演进制定路径和行程。     

Examining Localized Patterns of Air Quality Perception in Texas: A Spatial and Statistical Analysis

Environmental and human health issues associated with outdoor air pollution, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants in metropolitan regions, are an area of growing concern for both policy officials and the general public. Increasing attention from the news media, new health data, and public debate over the effectiveness of clean air regulations have raised the importance of air quality in the public consciousness. While public perceptions of air quality have been studied thoroughly dating back to the 1960s, little empirical research has been conducted to explain the spatial aspects of these perceptions, particularly at the local level. Although recent studies suggest characteristics of local setting are important in shaping perceptions of air quality, the roles of proximity, neighborhood characteristics, and location have not been clarified. This study seeks to improve understanding of the major factors shaping public perceptions of air quality by examining the spatial pattern of local risk perception, the role of socioeconomic characteristics in forming these perceptions, and the relationship between perceived and scientifically measured air pollution. First, we map the spatial pattern of local air quality perceptions using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) across the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas. Next, we explain these perceptions through local contextual factors using both bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis. Results indicate that perceptions of air quality in the study areas are not significantly correlated with air quality based on readings of air monitoring stations. Instead, perceptions appear to be influenced by setting (urban vs. rural), state identification, access to information, and socioeconomic characteristics such as age, race, and political identification. We discuss the implications of the findings and provide direction on how further research can provide a deeper understanding of the local contextual factors influencing public perceptions.     

论绿色食品与农业环境保护

本文在分析了绿色食品产生的生态环境背景的基础上,阐明了发展绿色食品与农业生态环境保护之间的辩证关系,并提出了保护和改善农业生态环境、促进绿色食品发展的对策思考     

The Quality of Urban Environments in the Brazilian Amazon

In the Brazilian Amazon during the 1980s,urban population growth outstripped rural growth, andby 1991, most of the region's population resided inurban areas. Much of this urban growth involvedestablishment of unplanned housing with inadequateinfrastructure, which resulted in rising pollution. This paper compares indicators of environmentalquality in urban populations of the Amazon in 1980 and1991, and among different kinds of urban populationsin 1991. The results show that environmental qualityin the region deteriorated during the 1980s as theproduction of and exposure to environmental hazardsrose while resources to ward off hazards eroded. Thefindings also show that environmental quality wasparticularly poor in more rapidly growing urbancenters. The urban Amazon may not afford an adequatestandard of living and this may generate out-migrationfrom the region.     

环教师资培训的途径与方式探讨

开展环境教育以唤起全民的环境意识是解决环境问题最基本、最长远的方法。而环境教育师资培训是实施这一方法的关键之一。本文调查分析了广州市中小学环境教育的现状和特点,对环教师资的培训方法和教学内容进行了探讨。     

国际互联网上环境科学与环境教育分类信息资源

分类介绍了国际互联网上与环境科学和环境教育有关的33个网点的主页、网址、主要信息类型和内容提要等情况。     

花婆神话与壮族环境伦理的历史建构

对植物的始祖认同,是壮族区别于大多数民族的一个特殊的族源生成方式。而作为壮族始祖的花婆,不是用某种具体的花来指代,而是基于壮族人神同构关系以缔结环境伦理的花的总汇。花婆神话所包含的生产力与生产关系的矛盾张力,其文化意义指向壮族对环境伦理的强烈认同;它作为民族文化精神的深度发越的特殊形式,对当代环境伦理话语的建构与解读,具有积极的推动作用。     

环境规制对农户清洁取暖采纳行为的影响——兼论政府信任的调节作用

基于“目标群体回应行动评价政策及执行有效性”的思路,利用汾渭平原微观农户调查数据,以农户的清洁取暖采纳行动来评估“双替代”政策及环境规制执行效能。鉴于清洁取暖双重政策目标,将农户清洁取暖采纳分为采纳决策和采纳效果两个阶段。采用Heckman模型,从约束型规制和激励型规制两个维度分析不同环境规制手段对农户清洁取暖采纳的影响效应。结果表明：约束型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳决策具有显著正向影响,而对农户清洁取暖采纳效果具有显著负向影响;激励型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳决策和采纳效果均有正向影响。控制内生性的IV-Heckman模型和PSM反事实估计结果支持了上述研究结论。运用同时克服环境规制内生性和样本选择偏差问题的IV-Heckman模型,从中央政府信任和地方政府信任两个层级拓展研究不同政府信任在环境规制对农户清洁取暖采纳影响中的调节作用。结果表明：中央政府信任在约束型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳中发挥增强性调节作用,地方政府在约束型规制和激励型规制对农户清洁取暖采纳中均发挥增强性调节作用。最后,提出环境规制政策执行应兼顾农户资本禀赋差异、提升地方政府信任度等对策建议。     

国外生态税收实践及对中国的启示

国外通过开征二氧化碳税、二氧化硫税、资源开发税、噪音税、拥挤税以及环境关税等加强生态环境保护,但中国目前尚未建立以保护生态环境为目的生态税收体系,存在着主体税种缺位、相关税种环保因素考虑不够、生态税收优惠形式单一等问题。建议根据可持续发展理论,借鉴国外经验,通过开征专门的环境保护税、改革相关税种、完善税收优惠等措施,构建以生态税收为主要内容的税制新体系。     

论环境会计目标

文章首先分析了我国目前存在的几种关于环境会计目标的观点,然后论述了环境会计的基本目标和具体目标,认为环境会计的基本目标是提高环境效益,实现经济效益和环境效益的协调发展,具体目标是向社会主体提供有关的环境会计信息。