北京市居民消费间接碳排放测算及影响因素

利用北京市2002-2012年的统计数据,基于投入产出模型分别测算北京市农村和城市低、中、高3个收入居民群组的消费间接碳排放量,利用结构分解分析（SDA）方法对北京市居民消费间接碳排放的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:2002-2012年,城乡居民消费间接碳排放总量从2002年的3 131.81万吨增加至2012年的3 857.67万吨,年均增长率为2.11%。分收入群组看,农村低、中、高3个收入群组的居民间接碳排放随着收入上升而下降,城市低、中、高3个收入群组的居民间接碳排放随着收入上升而上升。SDA结果显示,2002-2012年,平均消费水平变动是城乡居民消费间接碳排放增加的主要驱动因素,碳排放强度变动则是主要抑制因素,消费结构和城镇化水平的变动则影响有限。因此,在研究结论的基础上提出如下减排建议:进一步降低产业部门碳排放强度和优化产业结构;严控人口规模,提升城镇化的水平和质量;在增加居民收入的基础上优化消费结构,鼓励低碳消费、绿色消费。     

中国住房消费问题研究论纲

研究中国住房消费问题,需要以极大的勇气去了解足够多的真实世界的事实。要想解释住房消费心理失衡问题,寄希望于借助简化了的经济学理命题就概括全部几乎不可能;要见缝追影去涉猎包容万象的理性和适应性预期理论,补上国民缺失了的基本经济学常识,积极倡导理性投资和消费。借助于学理研究想方设法去解决（创新机制设计）,让住宅消费回归常态,以此为契机倡导理性消费,让住房真正成为只是用来满足人的居住需要的场所。让住房价格和市场起作用,既是全面推进市场化进程的必然结果,又是"去"住房过度市场化（打击投机）的终极目标（更加注重公平的和谐的社会建立）,让住房市场回归到均衡状态平稳运行——住有所居。本研究论及此问题的要纲如下：何处找寻到超越住房货币经济和认识公平社会建设所需要件的实证证据,如何谋划新举措来破解因住房货币化而催生的实体和虚拟二元经济失衡难题,以及为何将政策作为"安慰剂"会使调控所要预期目标越来越难以达到的实践难题。     

数字经济对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响研究

实现城镇化与乡村振兴协同发展需要不断缩小城乡居民消费差距。利用2008—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证研究了数字经济对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响,结果发现:数字经济不但能够缩小城乡居民服务消费差距,而且存在着显著的空间溢出效应;数字经济通过缩小城乡人力资本差距和城乡居民收入差距以及提高农村金融效率等渠道降低了城乡居民服务消费差距;如果城乡人力资本差距和城乡居民收入差距不断缩小以及农村金融效率持续提升,数字经济对缩小各地区城乡居民服务消费差距的作用将逐渐减弱;从空间效应来看,各地区数字经济不能直接缩小本地区的城乡居民服务消费差距,但能够缩小周边地区的城乡居民服务消费差距。 数字经济能缩小东部和中部地区的城乡居民服务消费差距,但不能缩小西部和东北地区的城乡居民服务消费差距。因此,东北地区应加快数字基础设施建设,西部地区应与中部地区建立数字经济协调发展联动机制,东部地区应抢占全球数字科技战略制高点,全力推进数字经济快速发展,缩小城乡居民服务消费差距。     

信息消费环境的演变及时代特征研究

信息消费的发展已经超出了以往学者提出的演进路径，评估当前的信息消费环境已经成为了新的研究课题，而当前信息消费的概念需要更新，关于信息消费环境的概念也缺乏全面系统的阐释。结合时代特征，文章运用文献分析法和逻辑推演法，将新兴信息消费的概念更新为基于移动互联网、大数据和云计算等新兴行业，以智能设备为载体，以比特产品为消费对象的消费活动，将新时代背景下信息消费环境的概念定义为影响居民信息消费活动的一切自然社会、技术因素的总和，包含主体方环境、客体方环境和其他外部环境三个维度。本文研究成果可供评估新兴信息消费的环境作参考。     

Extension and the disposal of the world: Double‐crossing systems,culture, self and language

Long indexed by sociological ideas of structure, the notion of extension is yet disparate and poorly disseminated – as evidenced by popular motifs such as ‘the world is at our disposal’ eschewing notions of emplacement and embeddedness and instead championing choice and individualised agency. On the assumption that this lacunae relates in part to paradigm debates over incommensurability, the proposal in this inaugural lecture is to explore double‐crossing as a methodological device by which to draw insights on extension from major ‘gatherings’ of Euro‐American thought, while respecting the orderings, institutional arrangements, situations and networks each approach imposes. In retracing the ‘disposal’ of the world through four theoretical perspectives germane to sociology – namely systems, culture, self and language – the objective is to illustrate the methodology of double crossing. Drawing on both my work on social and cultural theory and my field studies in market leaders, I first show how moving back and forth between the older and newer ground within each perspective helps to elicit what gets unsighted from either view. Secondly, inasmuch as the usual way of ‘making a clearing’ is argued as caught ‘in reaction’ from extant theory (ending up say talking of parts instead of wholes or consumption in place of production), I advance the methodology of double‐crossing by excavating the recessive arrangements and ordering implicit in each perspective and so illuminate the different ways extension is affected by how world is imagined and experienced.     

Status,gender and life cycle in the consumption practices of the English elite. The case of Mary Leigh, 1736–1806

The consumption practices of the elite have received a great deal of attention from historians over the years. The role of women (and gender) is mostly considered in the context of married couples, and therefore at a particular stage in the life cycle, with emphasis placed on the complementary role of husband and wife in the household economy. We know less about the consumption behaviour of single women, especially the ways in which this developed over their life course, singleness being seen as a passing stage rather than a long-term condition for many elite women. This article takes a case-study approach to explore in detail how consumption and shopping behaviour were shaped by gender, status and family, and how the relative importance of these changed over the life course of the individual. It focuses in particular on what was bought from whom and the factors shaping the choice of supplier, and argues that single status gave women freedom to act, but that this was framed by the obligations of status and the constraints of family. Landownership, of course, brought responsibilities as well as opportunities that shaped spending; but family as lineage was especially important in shaping patterns and geographies of spending.     

农地集体所有权的消费和生产——基于阿玛蒂亚?森视角的分析?

在农地制度问题上,人们习惯性地只是注意了权力的生产,热衷于在权力的生产环节找问题。这种惯性思维的结果必然导向对集体所有制的质疑和否定。但现实权力不仅来自生产,也来自消费。当前农地制度的主要问题是在特定的政治体制和具体的社会生态下,农民的土地集体所有权无法消费。权力消费的低迷返回头来抑制和阻断了权力的生产,从而窒息了权力本身。农民的土地权力是社会权利甚至社会制度的函数,不是所有制的函数。30年来我们的农地改革把主要精力对准农地集体所有制本身,可能没有抓住导致农地制度问题的关键。     

我国现行消费税制存在的问题及改革建议

2014年政府工作报告明确指出,要推动消费税改革。新一轮消费税改革呼之欲出,这既是基于我国消费水平的变化,也是顺应"营改增"的税制改革。文章对我国消费税改革历程做了一个系统的描述与归纳,从中寻找出新一轮消费税改革的出发点,分析现行消费税制存在的问题,指出其征税范围、税率、征税环节以及价内计税办法仍存在亟待解决的问题,并在此基础上提出消费税改革的建议,力求为我国消费税的完善提供切实可行的理论指导。     

Convenience on the menu? A typological conceptualization of family food expenditures and food-related time patterns

One of the most fundamental, but also controversial, food trends of the past years is convenience food. This article investigates the underexplored relationship between the heterogeneity in (convenience) food consumption (a feature of a food culture’s cuisine) and meal patterns (characteristics of a food culture’s structure). This study hopes to illustrate that convenience food can be interpreted both as a means to maintain a food culture’s structure and as a means to overturn it. Latent Class Cluster Analysis is performed using data from the HBS 2005 survey on families’ food expenditures to conceptualize convenience-orientation and to examine the relationships with families’ meal behaviors. Whereas outsourcing cooking is most prevalent among single-person households; two-or more-person households are most likely to buy unprocessed and natural foods and to spend most time cooking and eating in. A higher consumption of convenience food is also more likely to affect individuals’ kitchen than table habits.     

中国当前经济危机的深层原因和有效政策选择

现在许多人都把中国经济衰退归咎于全球性的金融危机。其实，中国的经济衰退与全球性的金融危机没有直接的相关性，即使没有全球性的金融危机，中国的这一轮衰退也是不可避免的，只是时间问题。导致当前中国经济危机的深层原因是生产和消费的矛盾，即消费的扩张跟不上生产的扩张。导致国内消费需求不足的原因主要是分配体制和社会保障体制的不健全，以及消费主力军队伍的缺乏。因此，要走出目前经济危机的困境，其主要对策是改革收入分配体制、缩小收入分配差距，健全社会保障体系，以及快速地使股市、楼市走出低迷状态，改变财富效应的逆转，使中产阶级成为消费的主力至队伍。