民事检察抗诉制度的再完善

新修订的《民事诉讼法》实施后,并不意味着民事检察抗诉制度的定型。民事检察抗诉制度的进一步完善有利于监督和保障民事独立审判原则、处分原则和当事人平等对抗原则的正确施行,符合我国的现实国情。具体而言,可在民事执行、调解、破产程序等方面拓展民事检察抗诉监督的范围,把握抗诉监督的重点,实行主动干预和被动响应相结合的程序运作机制,遵行规范的抗诉程序。     

正义第二原则论域下的基本公共服务均等化

基本公共服务均等化是保障全体社会成员底线生存的一个制度安排。从罗尔斯正义第二原则的视角分析,它属于“社会基本善”的范畴,体现了政府对社会最不利者的关照。均等化的公共服务使弱势群体感受到了社会的公正对待,这种感受具有极强的生产能力,为社会进步提供了强劲的动力。在链式联系中,均等化的基本公共服务又增进了其他社会成员的福利,是一个能实现多赢的正义制度安排。落实这种正义性的政策,政府应承担其职责,通过改革完善自身和各种制度安排,保证基本公共服务均等化目标的实现。     

Determining socio-demographic predictors of treatment dropout: results in a therapeutic community

This article presents a study of a number of socio-demographic factors that predict treatment dropout from a residential substance use disorder programme in Spain ( Proyecto Hombre Therapeutic Community). A sample of 430 patients (173 who completed treatment and 257 who dropped out of treatment) was assessed at entry to the therapeutic community programme in order to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. According to the results obtained, factors that predicted treatment dropout included younger age, male gender and previous treatment history in the Proyecto Hombre therapeutic community. Patients with these characteristics were at significantly greater risk of dropping out of treatment. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are commented upon.     

Treatment-competing events in dynamic regimes

A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of decision rules for assigning treatment based on a patient’s current need for treatment. Dynamic regimes are viewed, by many, as a natural way of treating patients with chronic diseases; that is, treating patients with adaptive, complex, longitudinal treatment regimens. In developing dynamic treatment strategies, treatment-competing events may play an important role in the overall treatment strategy, and their effects on subsequent treatment decisions and eventual outcome should be considered. Treatment-competing events may be defined generally as patient-specific, random events which interrupt the ongoing treatment decision process in a dynamic regime. Treatment-competing events censor later treatment decisions that would otherwise be made on a particular dynamic treatment regime had the competing events not occurred. For example, in therapeutic studies of HIV, physicians may assign treatment based on a patient’s current level HIV1-RNA; this defines a treatment assignment rule. However, the presence of opportunistic infections or severe adverse events may preclude a strict adherence of the treatment assignment rule. In other contexts, the “censoring”-by-death phenomenon may be viewed as an example of a treatment-competing event for a particular dynamic treatment regime. Treatment-competing events can be built into the dynamic treatment regime framework and counting processes are a natural mechanism to facilitate this development. In this paper, we develop treatment-competing events in a dynamic infusion policy, a random dynamic treatment regime where multiple infusion treatments are initiated simultaneously and given continuously over time subject to the presence/absence of a treatment-competing event. We illustrate how our methodology may be used to suggest an estimator for a particular causal estimand of recent interest. Finally, we exemplify our methods in a recent study of patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.     

Addiction severity predictions using client network properties

By statistical analysis of client data it is shown how past or current network information together with other knowledge assesses treatment needs. The main findings are as follows. The client's previous exposure to addicts in the family has almost no influence on his or her present contacts with addicts in daily life. About 30% of the clients have experienced addicts both in family and among friends, about 30% have only family exposure, about 20% have neither kind of exposure, and about 20% have no family exposure but have current exposure to addicts. Exposure to addicts in family implies a higher risk of severe need for professional intervention than no such exposure. For the clients with no family exposure but with current exposure to addicts there is, somewhat surprisingly, a lower risk than for the other three categories of clients. This effect seems to be mainly because the psychiatric status of these clients is somewhat better than for those in the other three categories. The effect disappears if we look solely for drug addiction intervention needs; then there is a clear increase in relative treatment needs for the categories with previous or present addiction exposure compared to those without.     

考虑交通时间与设备转换时间的跨区域就医调度优化问题

在资源共享时代背景下,跨区域就医可以很好地解决患者日益增长的就医需求与医疗资源紧张的矛盾。本论文以医疗联盟为研究对象,在关键医疗资源共享的前提下,通过患者跨区域就医实现就医诊断延误最小化,以满足患者就医需求。本研究同时考虑了患者跨区域交通时间与基于患者诊断类型的设备转换时间,以最小化患者就医总延迟为目标,分配患者就诊医院及优化患者就诊/检查顺序。针对该问题,论文首次提出以最早交货期原则（EDD rule）为基础,以患者再分配为主导的EDD-ReAss1和EDD-ReAss2启发式算法,结合局部搜索算法以进一步提高就医调度方案的质量,缩短患者诊断/检查等待时间。实验结果表明,新启发式算法EDD-ReAss1和EDD-ReAss2算法性能显著好于EDD,SPT和LPT等调度规则;在较短运算时间内Swap局部搜索算法性能最优。     

Improved communality estimation in factor analysis

The symmetric treatment of an asymmetric approach to factor analysis is shown to provide accurate communality estimates. In comparison with existing estimates including upper and lower bounds, the present approach is shown to be superior. In one example with known communalities, the present approach perfectly captures those communalities. In two empirical examples, it is shown to produce better communality estimates than any existing method.     

Modelling of connected processes

The problem of comparing, contrasting and combining information from different sets of data is an enduring one in many practical applications of statistics. A specific problem of combining information from different sources arose in integrating information from three different sets of data generated by three different sampling campaigns at the input stage as well as at the output stage of a grey-water treatment process. For each stage, a common process trend function needs to be estimated to describe the input and output material process behaviours. Once the common input and output process models are established, it is required to estimate the efficiency of the grey-water treatment method. A synthesized tool for modelling different sets of process data is created by assembling and organizing a number of existing techniques: (i) a mixed model of fixed and random effects, extended to allow for a nonlinear fixed effect, (ii) variogram modelling, a geostatistical technique, (iii) a weighted least squares regression embedded in an iterative maximum-likelihood technique to handle linear/nonlinear fixed and random effects and (iv) a formulation of a transfer-function model for the input and output processes together with a corresponding nonlinear maximum-likelihood method for estimation of a transfer function. The synthesized tool is demonstrated, in a new case study, to contrast and combine information from connected process models and to determine the change in one quality characteristic, namely pH, of the input and output materials of a grey-water filtering process.     

城市发展中公共资源公平配置之探讨

社会主义市场经济条件下,城市的发展日新月异。在工业化和城市化进程中,存在一系列城市问题,这些凸显在公共领域中的城市问题使得社会资源的分配欠缺公平。文章探讨了城市化进程中存在的一些问题,剖析了这些问题的诱因,并试图通过户籍改革、构建公共福利型的政府机制和反腐倡廉等各种手段营造一个公平的环境,解决城市中各个领域的矛盾冲突,增进公共利益总额。     

四联疗法对HP阳性胃溃疡患者的治疗作用及HP清除效果观察

目的 观察四联疗法对幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）阳性胃溃疡患者的治疗作用及HP清除效果.方法 选择我院2012年3月至2013年5月132例HP阳性胃溃疡患者随机分为两组,对照组66例患者采用传统的甲硝唑＋奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林三联法治疗,观察组66例患者采用四联疗法治疗,疗程结束后,对两组患者治疗效果、HP根除率及不良反应进行比较.结果 观察组总有效率为95.45％;对照组总有效率为81.82％;两组治疗前HP均为阳性,治疗后观察组HP阴性49例,转阴率为74.24％,对照组HP阴性38例,转阴率为57.58％,两组比较差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）.两组不良反应发生率分别为4.55％,3.03％,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论 四联疗法对HP阳性胃溃疡患者治愈率高,HP根除彻底,是安全.