Dynamic capabilities and high-tech entrepreneurial ventures’ performance in the aftermath of an environmental jolt

This paper contributes to studies on dynamic capabilities (DCs) by showing that a neglected environmental contingency – i.e. the occurrence of a jolt – shapes the DCs–performance relationship. We focus on high-tech entrepreneurial ventures because these are the firms that jolts affect most; in so doing, we also advance the understanding of DCs in the entrepreneurship field. We argue that, in the aftermath of an environmental jolt, the high-tech entrepreneurial ventures that use internationalization and new product development capabilities to modify their resource configuration and regain environmental fit enjoy better performance. Econometric estimates on a sample of 340 Italian high-tech entrepreneurial ventures confronting the consequences of the global economic crisis that began in 2008 confirm that separately using these two DCs has a positive performance effect. This effect is stronger for relatively smaller ventures. Interestingly, despite synergies should arise from the combined use of the two DCs, we do not detect any superadditive effects.     

大数据与政府治理能力提升:机遇、挑战与展望

随着社会问题复杂程度的不断增加,大数据应用为政府解决棘手问题、提升治理能力、应对挑战提供了新思路,但也带来了一定程度的适应难题。因此,探析大数据在我国的政府治理实践中如何得到合理应用、有效推动治理能力提升需要结合国内外成功经验,从机遇和挑战两个维度进行理解。分析发现,大数据可以推动政府治理协同化、政府决策科学化、数据管理规范化,并会遇到数据壁垒、专业能力欠缺以及政策法规滞后等方面的阻碍。研究意义在于分析大数据对政府治理能力提升的作用,为未来我国政府在治理实践中更好地利用大数据技术提供参考。     

从参赛论文看幼儿教师的教育科研素养——以某市幼教论文比赛参赛幼儿教师为例

从某市146篇幼教参赛论文中,分析出幼儿教师科研意识不强、教科研知识欠缺及教科研能力不足的教科研素养现状。导致这一现状的原因主要有自信心不足、积极性不高等内因和职前职后教科研方法教育缺位、幼教科研不受重视及缺乏指导与合作等外因。通过在培养和培训中夯实幼儿教师的教科研素养基础、在实践和反思中形成幼儿教师教科研素养、在支持与指导下提升幼儿教师的教科研素养有利于循序渐进地提升幼儿教师的教科研素养     

Modelling process robustness: a case study of centrifugal casting

A robust process minimises the effect of the noise factors on the performance of a product or process. The variation of the performance of a robust process can be measured through modelling and analysis of process robustness. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for modelling and analysis of process robustness is developed considering a number of relevant tools and techniques such as multivariate regression, control charting and simulation within the broad framework of Taguchi method. The methodology as developed considers, in specific terms, process modelling using historical data pertaining to responses, inputs variables and parameters as well as simulated noise variables data, identification of the model responses at each experimental setting of the controllable variables, estimation of multivariate process capability indices and control of their variability using control charting for determining optimal settings of the process variables using design of experiment-based Taguchi Method. The methodology is applied to a centrifugal casting process that produces worm-wheels for steam power plants in view of its critical importance of maintaining consistent performance in various under controllable situations (input conditions). The results show that the process settings as determined ensure minimum in-control variability with maximum performance of the centrifugal casting process, indicating improved level of robustness.     

阿玛蒂亚·森的正义观——对罗尔斯的批判及其公共政策含义

罗尔斯的思考模式并不是理解正义的唯一路径,阿玛蒂亚.森的《正义观》对罗尔斯展开了全面的批判。不同于很多学者忽略替代性理论的完善,阿玛蒂亚.森完成了包括基本主题、分析工具和评估尺度在内的范式转换。他重拾了智识史上的现实比较传统取代主流的先验制度主义,发展了社会选择理论以代替契约论分析构架,以能力尺度超越了基本物品尺度。阿玛蒂亚.森在基本主题和分析工具的学术合法性的证明上是完整和有说服力的,而在将能力方法(作为评估尺度)运用于公共政策领域时则面临了理论逻辑和现实逻辑的限制。只有在理论上退让到基本能力层面,能力方法才具有公共政策中的合理性。与罗尔斯的《正义论》一样,阿玛蒂亚.森的《正义观》也不可能是正义研究的终点,两种范式之间的争论方兴未艾。     

师范院校高等代数课程教学的几点认识

师范院校高等代数课程教学中如何提高教学质量,使学生通过这门课的学习获得相应的知识和能力,谈几点认识。     

市场经济与中国共产党执政能力建设

市场经济对中国共产党来说是一个全新的课题。不断提高党驾驭市场经济的能力是加强党的执政能力的重要内容,也是关系着党执政合法性的大问题。因此,要正确处理驾驭市场经济能力与党执政的合法性、党的先进性及党的奋斗目标之间的关系,并从抓住经济建设中心、坚持市场机制优势与社会主义制度优越性的结合、进一步完善党领导经济工作的体制、机制和方式等等方面去加强党驾驭市场经济的能力建设。     

转型经济体制下创业团队的先前经验、无力感与适应能力

在资源依赖理论的基础上,从创业团队的先前经验出发,通过分析4家高科技创业企业的案例资料,考察了创业团队无力感与适应能力之间的关联性,并分析了创业团队的认知趋同性对该作用过程的影响机制,从而为新创企业提高在动态环境中的生存能力提供建议.研究表明,创业团队先前经验可以降低团队成员的无力感,从而提升团队的适应能力,且当创业团队认知趋同性越高时,无力感与适应能力的负向作用越强.     

我国科学技术创新能力不足之原因

我国当前科学技术创新能力不足的根本原因是科学工作者缺乏西方科学所具有的哲学思想、文化基因和教育环境,提升中国科学技术创新能力的关键是加强西方哲学思想的学习和熏陶,加大教育改革力度,推行多元化教育;崇尚理性主义精神等。     

A new generation of process capability indices based on fuzzy measurements

Process capability indices (PCIs) provide numerical measures on whether a process conforms to the defined manufacturing capability prerequisite. These have been successfully applied by companies to compete with and to lead high-profit markets by evaluating the quality and productivity performance. The PCI C_p compares the output of a process to the specification limits (SLs) by forming the ratio of the width between the process SLs with the width of the natural tolerance limits which is measured by six process standard deviation units. As another common PCI, C_pm incorporates two variation components which are variation to the process mean and deviation of the process mean from the target. A meaningful generalized version of above PCIs is introduced in this paper which is able to handle in a fuzzy environment. These generalized PCIs are able to measure the capability of a fuzzy-valued process in producing products on the basis of a fuzzy quality. Fast computing formulas for the generalized PCIs are computed for normal and symmetric triangular fuzzy observations, where the fuzzy quality is defined by linear and exponential fuzzy SLs. A practical example is presented to show the performance of proposed indices.