“围城”中的“历史人”——论李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象的伦理悖论及镜鉴意义

《围城》与《历史人》都是著名校园讽刺小说.其代表人物李梅亭与霍华德·科克都是生活在动荡时期相对平静的大学校园“围城”中的高级知识分子,他们在日常生活中言与行的矛盾、表与里的抵牾,在职场生涯中道貌岸然的显性身份表象与其庸俗无聊、滑稽可笑的隐性角色扮演形成的伦理悖论,无疑具有强烈的喜剧效果和深刻的反讽性质.由于人物所处经济、政治、文化背景不同,其伦理悖论又各具特点,李梅亭身上散发出陈腐的朱熹式伪道学气息,霍华德·科克则是在激进外表下包裹着极端利己主义.李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象蕴含的伦理悖论在知识分子中具有一定典型性,其形象既为历史存照,也对今天重塑大学灵魂、重塑知识分子健全人格具有一定镜鉴意义.     

托马斯·阿奎那意志自由对伦理之善的神圣与世俗共构

阿奎那认为,自由适用于发自理智和意志（即理性能力）的行为,阿奎那称其为人性行为。人性行为即伦理行为。人的伦理善之完成（道德实践）同时仰赖理智与意志两者的相互配合,而人的行动由潜能到实现的过程端赖自由意志的促动。追求伦理之善即追求人性的成全与自足。意志自由因包含“对已之爱”指向现世人生,又以终极之善为最终的超越指向,并遵循自然法或本性之律之规定,由此而在伦理之善的神圣与世俗间构架起通桥。     

小议传媒责任之伦理诉求

伴随着信息化时代的到来,媒体的功能逐渐强大,同时,媒体的道德失范现象也日益凸现。当前传媒责任缺失的四大表征：真实性的缺乏、公正性的缺位、媒体腐败以及媚俗化倾向,不仅极大影响了传媒业的健康发展,同时也成为人们对传媒责任之伦理诉求的现实背景。     

试述高校贫困生救助的伦理价值

高校贫困生一直是高等教育领域值得关注的特殊群体,旨在缓解其经济状况的相应的救助体系也在完善之中。但是关于救助贫困生的隐性伦理问题尚未引起人们足够的重视,而这正关乎个体存在之为根本的人格尊严,同时通过救助使善良的本意和互助的美德得以发扬光大,是救助更深刻的伦理价值所在。     

师德建设在营造高校品牌文化中的作用

随着时代的发展,高校品牌文化已经成为竞争的主题。而师德是从古至今都一直受到歌颂的,在现代利益文化的熏陶下,师德显得更加的重要。在高校的竞争中,师德建设已经成为了必不可少的环节。从师德建设的必要性着手,着重分析了师德建设在营造高校品牌文化中的作用。     

论科研中的伦理干预

当代科学技术的发展给人类带来了诸多的伦理困惑, 科研必须受伦理的规范和引导,尊重伦理的基本价值。深入探析科技与伦理的内在关联性,保持二者间的张力与平衡,是未来科技发展与伦理全面进步的基础。在科技成为强势文化的背景下,尤其要强调伦理对科研的干预作用。     

微公益凸显的伦理问题及对策探析

“微公益”是指从微不足道的小事入手开展公益活动,注重由少积多的公益行为。与传统的公益活动相比,微公益呈现出参与人数多、事情小、目标明确、针对性强、运用现代传媒方式等特点。结合微公益呈现的特点,对微时代下的人人公益行为以及微公益过程本身引发的伦理道德问题,如社会信任、道德自觉性、法律关系、公平性、权利与义务等问题进行深入剖析。通过问卷调查法、访谈法,对重庆市公民进行了关于微公益认识与伦理问题的调查研究,从伦理学、社会学的视角着手,介绍微公益伦理问题的表现,分析微公益伦理存在的原因,提出从法律法规的制定、监管力度的完善、诚信品质的落实及网络道德的建设等方面应对微公益凸显的伦理问题。     

The Roman Catholic Church: A Centuries Old History of Awareness of Clerical Child Sexual Abuse (from the First to the 19th Century)

Debates in international forums and in mainstream media on the role, responsibility, liability, and response of ecclesiastical authorities of the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) toward clerical child sexual abuse (cCSA) fail to take into account the historical roots and awareness of the problem. Reports also fail to mention the historic organizational laws RCC developed over centuries. In contrast, RCC documents evidence that the Catholic Church not only carried century’s old history of cCSA, but also repeatedly condemned cCSA by successive papal authorities, organizational laws, and institutional management mechanisms. During the first millennium, however, church laws remained confined to the bookshelves and were not converted into appropriate management policies and infrastructural models. This was largely due to the absence of a central administrative organizational structure, which developed later in the 12th century, following the Second Council of Lateran (1139) when the Papacy asserted its authority to establish administrative control over the organizational church. It was only then that management policies started to be framed and institutional structures enacted to deal more appropriately with cCSA from the 14th to 20th centuries. Despite this, RCC developed a culture of secrecy using clandestine organizational management models and institutional laws prescribed in 1568, 1622, 1741, 1866, 1922, and 1962 which aimed to manage cCSA. The current study traces reported cCSA as far back as the first century and critically examines the organizational laws, and institutional policies developed by RCC to address clerical sexual misconduct up to the end of the 19th century.     

Sexual Orientation in State Hate Crime Laws: Exploring Social Construction and Criminal Law

Several studies have described and analyzed the development and diffusion of hate crime laws in the United States, but none specifically examined state-level differences in protected categories. Forty-five of the 50 states have a hate crime statute, but only 30 of those include sexual orientation. In this study the social construction framework is applied to the hate crime policy domain in order to determine whether or not variations in the social and political status of gays and lesbians are associated with the inclusion of sexual orientation in state hate crime laws. Content analysis of daily newspapers in six states revealed that a positive social construction is associated with groups seeking hate crime law protections, and that political influence may also be a key factor.     

共名状态下“母亲”的伦理困境——社会学视角

《母亲》是赛珍珠荣获诺贝尔文学奖的七部作品之一,也是赛珍珠作品中最为独特的一部.“母亲”的共名身份,是在特定生存环境所编织而就的伦理关系网中确立的;其身份危机与角色冲突导致了一系列伦理困境:“母亲”的生命冲动与生活其间的社会空间、物质空间、精神空间冲突产生的伦理困境,诚实与谎言、忠诚与背叛、珍视生命与对生命扼杀两难导致的罪与罚的伦理困境,女性身份认同与性别歧视观念的矛盾导致的伦理困境等.赛珍珠用“共名”身份塑造的母亲形象,使“母亲”成为中国劳动母亲们的典型形象,因而超越了个体意义而具有了普适性特征.