民族地区城市流动儿童入学准备水平测评与干预——以贵州省为例

在新型城镇化背景下,民族地区城市流动儿童入学准备具有其特殊性,相关问题亟待研究和解决。通过随机和分层抽样法,在贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州、黔南布依族苗族自治州和黔西南布依族苗族自治州等三个少数民族自治州选取100名学龄前流动儿童及21名学龄前非流动儿童作为被试,进而运用儿童入学准备综合测评工具对被试进行逐一测评。研究结果表明:非流动组和流动组儿童入学准备水平总分(M非流动组=40.95±6.88,M流动组=31.17±8.96),即非流动组入学准备水平总分高于流动组儿童。在入学准备的5个方面测试上,流动组在动作技能维度总分略高于非流动组,且不存在显著性差异;而在学习方式、认知与一般认知、情绪与社会性、言语能力等4个维度,流动组均低于非流动组且存在显著性差异或边缘显著。针对民族地区城市流动儿童入学准备中存在的问题,需加强社会各界的关注与扶持,充分利用家庭资源,坚持普及学前教育,持续推进普惠性幼儿园建设进程,完善学前教育入学准备评估体系。     

基于DEPA探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景

随着全球数字贸易的迅猛发展,当前WTO多边框架下数字贸易规则存在缺失,使得数字贸易治理呈现出区域化趋势。为探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景,预判亚太经济体参与数字贸易治理的可能路径,基于《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA),采用文献分析、规则文本对比、逻辑推演等研究方法,对亚太地区数字贸易治理的议题广度和深度、谈判模式、模块特征、关注焦点及竞争格局进行全面系统的分析研判。研究认为,未来亚太数字贸易治理主要呈现以下趋向:数字贸易治理将涵盖更多新兴技术领域,传统议题也会趋于更高标准; 专门协定的高效率将驱使数字贸易议题逐渐与传统议题相剥离,协定的框架形式也将采取开放、灵活、包容的“主题模块”形式。数字包容性发展、数字便利化等议题将是亚太数字贸易治理的焦点议题; 亚太数字贸易治理的大国博弈将以中美两国为中心,中小经济体也会以“联合抱团”来争取某些议题的话语权。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

当代少数民族题材小说中民族文化英译的历时性研究——以茅盾文学奖作品为例

文化是人类所创造的精神财富总和,少数民族文化是其重要组成部分.本文借助于茅盾文学奖作品汉英平行语料库,从婚丧习俗、宗教祭祀、民族传说及民族史三个层面,考查当代少数民族题材小说《穆斯林的葬礼》《尘埃落定》和《额尔古纳河右岸》在民族文化英译过程中体现的历时性特征.研究发现,随着时间推移,民族文化信息在英译本中呈现出由缺损向保留逐渐过渡的历时性趋势,表明少数民族文化在英译过程中日益得到更多保留和再现.究其原因,主要有文化全球化背景下的读者需求转变、中西方文学翻译策略的转变及译者主体性差异等三方面因素.     

找回集体:西藏治理深度贫困的经验与启示

既有关于贫困治理的研究或从某一视角出发,或是针对一般性的贫困问题。 通过对典型的整体性深度贫困地区西藏自治区的实地调研,文章认为深度贫困不同于一般性贫困,是个体贫困与社区贫困交织、外在贫困和内在贫困扭结的多维贫困综合体,构建了深度贫困治理的四维图式,分析了深度贫困在两个维度上四种具体表现类型,指出治理深度贫困的有效策略是在整合型贫困治理框架之下发展集体合作经营。     

阻沙率在沙漠公路高大沙丘段防沙体系设计中的应用

在工程防沙设计中，阻沙率和输沙强度均是确定防护类型及其宽度的重要指标。从工程实际出发，结合典型地形特征，运用实测的阻沙率指标，优化沙漠公路高大沙丘段防沙体系的设计，用理论指导实践的同时，并在实践施工中加以较好地运用，从实践效果上，以阻沙率这一风沙物理指标为依据，确定高大沙丘段的防沙设计参数，是符合实际和可行的方法。     

西部地区工业竞争力综合评价

本文基于面板数据的因子分析,从经济效益、科技与人才、能源与环保三个维度对西部十一省工业综合竞争力进行评估。结果表明,西部地区工业竞争力总体水平不高且不平衡明显。其中四川、重庆、陕西、广西、云南是西部具有较强的工业竞争力的地区,而贵州、甘肃、内蒙古、新疆、青海、宁夏竞争力较弱。因此要有针对性地实施发展规划,以促进西部地区工业差距缩小与总体发展水平的提升。     

音乐文化的民族性与世界性

对很多人来讲,民间、民族音乐是一个对应民族文化与原生文化环境,既亲近又遥远的精神世界;一个奇异、欢乐、充满天真而又迷人的人天合一、浪漫自由的与生活合一的精神时空;在其简易、不易、变易的历史长河中,实用与审美并存,显示出质朴天真、充满活力的精神特质,千百年来陪伴着各民族同胞在自然之苦的生态环境中挣扎、平衡、和谐、生发;承载着生活与精神的协调,表现着人们的文化心理、民族性格和审美理想;在生活中鼓舞着生存和创造的勇气与力量,也给人们带来圆满的笑声、意趣和希望。     

The elites’ collective subjectivities of the history of ethnic politics in Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is one of the multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious countries in Southeast Asia. Due to the pluralistic nature of Malaysia, it has a political structure based on ethnic politics. The ethnic preferential policies affected most domains of this country. The objective of this article is to examine the origin and background of ethnic politics in Malaysia. Findings of this study indicate that, ethnic politics originated during the British colonial period, it became a tool used by the Barisan Nasional for the legitimacy of regime. Moreover, ethnic politics in Malaysia today is intertwined with religion. Besides, there is the dilemma of the choice between the interest of certain ethnic group and national interests. However, with the opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan won the election in 9th May, UMNO-led BN lost power and interrupted its 61 years control, which leaves us an interesting topic to think about the future of Malaysian ethnic politics.