民事再审新证据适用的困境与完善

我国民事再审新证据的立法层次不高,规定不甚明确,导致司法人员理解差异较大,适用时掌握标准不统一。类似案件的裁判结果出现差异,有损裁判的公信力和司法权威。司法实践中应当适度从宽掌握认定新证据的标准,科学合理地界定再审新证据。     

The problem of justification in social work

Abstract

In this paper we argue that the real test of professional social work practice is whether it can be plausibly, effectively and defensibly justified. Since the early 1950s social work in Australia has engaged in a strategy of professionalisation. This strategy and its implications were described by McDonald and Jones in 2000. This paper supports the concerns expressed. We argue that the way out of our profession's dilemma is by focusing on the problem of justification. The main questions addressed by McDonald and Jones appear to be: What is professional social work practice? Does the concept of professionalism serve us and our clients well now? What form should social work take in the future? Their answer is ‘that the “strategy of professionalisation”, as conventionally conceived by Australian social work, is no longer viable in the emerging milieu.’ We build on that answer by exploring the notion of justification in terms of the concepts Foundationalism, Coherentism and Reliabilism. We conclude by suggesting that the immediate task for social work in this new century is to solve the problem of justification.     

网络证据之形式问题研究

网络证据能够用来证明待证事实的原因在于其蕴含了该待证事实留下的事实信息。网络证据的存在形式由网络信息的获取及固定方式决定。只有保证其获取信息和固定信息方式的合理性,网络证据在形式上才具有作为证据的适格性。作为一种独立证据形式的网络证据,其划分应当以网络证据蕴含的信息内容及其固定方式为标准。     

A Fit Person to Run a Home: Registered Homes Tribunal Interpretations of the ‘Fit Person’ Concept in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

The abuse of people living in residential care in the UK is well documented. A further wealth of information is available in the form of anecdotal accounts of those who have been employed in this sector but who, in a climate which is still somewhat hostile to ‘whistle blowers,’ are not prepared to formally report their concerns. A small but significant amount of hard evidence of abuse exists in the reports of the Registered Homes Tribunal decisions. This body has the jurisdiction to hear appeals concerning the running of registered and nursing homes in the UK. The circumstances portrayed range from issues of ‘bad practice’ to abuse which may be physical, psychological, or sexual, perpetrated by staff, home owners, residents, or visitors. Many of the cases which concern the tribunal focus on whether a given individual is a ‘fit person’ to run a home. It is the aim of this article to consider and reflect on the tribunals’ interpretation of that term, in relation to the operation and decisions of the tribunal.     

网络证据保全有效性法律问题研究

网络证据保全是保证网络证据有效性的重要途径和方法，从网络证据保全的角度出发，研究网络证据应当如何进行有效提取、存储和固定，确保网络证据作为适格的证据。就网络证据保全的有效性而言，应当严格区分网络证据保全的技术方法和法律规范，积极应对网络证据保全面临的现实挑战和困难。网络证据保全的有效性主要体现在两个方面，其一，网络证据保全在技术上必须保证其准确性；其二，在保全程序上保证其有效性。只有通过完善网络证据保全的法律程序，制定网络证据保全的法律程序和规则，采用科学合理的证据保全方法，网络证据保全的有效性才能够得以保证，网络证据在诉讼中才能发挥其应有的价值。     

Use of Multicriteria Decision Analysis to Support Weight of Evidence Evaluation

Weight of evidence (WOE) methods are key components of ecological and human health risk assessments. Most WOE applications rely on the qualitative integration of diverse lines of evidence (LOE) representing impact on ecological receptors and humans. Recent calls for transparency in assessments and justifiability of management decisions are pushing the community to consider quantitative methods for integrated risk assessment and management. This article compares and contrasts the type of information required for application of individual WOE techniques and the outcomes that they provide in ecological risk assessment and proposes a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework for integrating individual LOE in support of management decisions. The use of quantitative WOE techniques is illustrated for a hypothetical but realistic case study of selecting remedial alternatives at a contaminated aquatic site. Use of formal MCDA does not necessarily eliminate biases and judgment calls necessary for selecting remedial alternatives, but allows for transparent evaluation and fusion of individual LOE. It also provides justifiable methods for selecting remedial alternatives consistent with stakeholder and decision‐maker values.     

美国证据开示程序改革的启示与借鉴

该文以美国的证据开示制度为参考依据,对我国的证据交换制度进行了定位,提出借鉴证据开示制度的可取之处,吸取证据开示滥用造成负面效果的教训,重构证据交换制度的改革建议。     

医疗事故诉讼若干问题探讨

《医疗事故处理条例》与民事法律及相关的司法解释存在一些不协调的地方。在医疗事故侵权诉讼中，认定医疗过失应采用抽象轻过失与具体轻过失的标准；举证责任分配上。实行因果关系、医疗过错推定规则；医疗事故技术鉴定应由医疗机构申请，人民法院对该鉴定具有审查权；《条例》规定的赔偿标准过低，人民法院不应拘泥于该标准。     

刑事被告人品格证据相关性研究

品格证据的相关性是证据关联性中的难点问题。本文从法律相关性与逻辑相关性的角度探讨了品格证据相关性的一般原理。论述了刑事诉讼中被告人品格证据排除规则的内容、设立该规则的理由及其例外情况。重点论证了被告人品格证据排除规则的例外,主要包括在被告人的品格证据能证明犯罪构成要件的事实或证明污点证人证言是否具有真实性时以及为反驳辩方提出的被告人具有良好品格的证据等情况下,刑事被告人品格证据具有相关性。     

绍兴《姒氏世谱》的史料价值

世谱、宗谱、家谱,总称谱谍,是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,它与正史、方志共同构成了中华民族历史的三大支柱。此文着重分析了绍兴《姒氏世谱》的史料价值,认为该谱所载史事与正史、地志基本一致,对先人业绩并无夸张过誉之辞,所以可靠性较大;该谱叙述世系清楚完整,为他书所未见,可补正史、地志之缺;该谱还蕴含人口学、民俗学、社会学、民族学方面的资料,更可拓宽越文化研究的领域。由此可见,搜集、整理和研究大禹后裔宗谱,任务急迫,意义重大。