自由心证的"自由"与"不自由"——民事诉讼自由心证原则解读

自由心证原则是当今世界各国普遍采纳的证据规则,本文在对自由心证原则进行基本概念分析的基础上,讨论了法官自由心证的范围以及在心证客观化趋势下对自由心证的种种限制,并对在我国民事诉讼领域确立自由心证制度进行了分析。     

Sustainable social work: Modelling knowledge production,transfer, and evidence‐based practice

Gray M, Schubert L. Sustainable social work: modelling knowledge production, transfer, and evidence‐based social work This article is a first attempt to present a model of knowledge production and transfer in social work, drawing on the expanding literature on knowledge production. It highlights features of knowledge production in social work, such as the diverse contexts in which knowledge is developed and applied. It argues that knowledge production by itself is not enough. Equally important is knowledge transfer and implementation. The literature on knowledge production highlights problems with the implementation of actually existing knowledge and the potential resistance to this implementation as highly important issues for social work research. It leads to a greater awareness of the context in which knowledge is produced and applied and creates a bridge between traditional informal and tacit ways of knowing in social work and the demands of evidence‐based practice.     

Theory and social work: A conceptual review of the literature

This article presents a conceptual review of the literature concerning social work and theory. Based on analysis of 93 research studies, drawn from literature in English published between 1968 and 2016, the review considers the many ways that theory is conceptualised in the literature, and asks meta‐theoretical questions about how and why different conceptualisations arise. The article examines definitional questions and ambiguities concerning the use of theory, extant research on the use of theory by social workers in practice, hostility expressed regarding theory in social work, the theory/practice divide and perspectives that emphasise theory's utility or functionality. The article points at some methodological and ethical limitations concerning current research, and summarises dominant, as well as less prominent, versions of what counts as theory within the social work discipline, before finally suggesting that further meta‐theoretical research is needed.     

Re‐conceptualising the link between research and practice in social work: A literature review on knowledge utilisation

Despite the recent movement towards greater research use in many areas of social work, criticisms persist that decision making in practice is seldom informed by sound research evidence. Discourse about the research‐to‐practice gap in social work has tended to focus on the feasibility of evidence‐based practice for the profession, but has rarely drawn from the broader knowledge utilisation literature. There are important understandings to be gained from the knowledge utilisation field, which spans more than six decades of interdisciplinary research.This article introduces the wider knowledge utilisation literature to a social work audience. It considers the potential of this body of literature to facilitate research use in social work, as well as conceptual issues that may be hindering it from informing improvements to research utilisation in practice.     

Is there still such a thing as the ‘European social model'?

This article presents a definition and characterisation of the ‘European social model’ (ESM), admitting the existence of variants and increasing heterogeneity in institutional and social contexts within the EU in the wake of successive enlargements. The constituent parts of the ESM are compared with data observed in the different countries, in search of empirical evidence of the ESM‘s position as a distinctive model of development, characteristic of Western Europe as opposed to the paths taken by other non‐European developed OECD countries.     

大数据环境下双层分布式融合决策方法

为了解决大数据环境下双层分布式决策中存在的决策推理难题和信息冗余难题,基于该类决策中存在的参与主体庞杂性和业务关系交叉性分析给出了有关推断信息之间存在相关性的假设,并结合证据理论中的基本概率分配函数提出了具有柔性表达优势的推断信息描述机理,在此基础上分别针对上下两层部门构建了能够剔除管理者影响、上层部门影响且可以对部门内部所有决策主体的元推断信息进行科学融合的定理和推论,最后按照"由上至下"的决策秩序构建了大数据环境下双层分布式融合决策的方法步骤。数值对比分析结果表明提出方法具有科学性和可行性,有利于拓展大数据环境下组织管理决策问题的解决思路,探索处理不完备性数据、相关性数据的"大"模式。     

论电子数据的公证保全——以网络证据的公证保全为中心

电子数据的保全,要遵循普通证据的保全规则。电子数据的特殊性令其保全方法具有特殊性,主要体现在公证保全上。电子数据的即时性和易逝性对电子数据公证保全的程序提出了较高的要求,尤其是对网络证据的公证保全,其在操作主体、操作环境、操作过程和操作要求等诸方面均有体现。随着电子技术的进一步发展,未来电子数据的公证保全可以建设网络公证中心为基础,发展出一套不同于传统证据公证保全的特殊程序。     

论品格证据在检察机关办理未成年人 刑事案件中的运用

对品格证据在刑事诉讼中如何运用这一问题,英美法系国家规定了详尽的规则以指导司法实践,我国立法目前尚没有品格证据的概念,但司法实务已开始对未成年人刑事案件品格证据适用的相关探索,且已经成为处理司法个案的重要参考依据.品格证据制度的建立和适用,将会成为检察机关办理未成年人案件定罪量刑的重要课题.     

非法证据排除规则实施的制约因素和对策分析

刑事诉讼法明确规定了非法证据排除规则,但其实施却受多种因素的制约。首先,从环境因素看,我国法律缺乏足够的权威,非法证据排除规则目前难以从现有法律体系中获得力量。其次,从主观上看,它受到社会占统治地位的意识形态、刑事法律的主要精神、社会传统价值观念的制约。其三,从客观上看,其实施会受到行政机关的影响。要从根本上解决非法证据排除规则的实施问题,要实现法治,树立法律的权威,当前要做的是逐步解决上面提及的阻碍其实施的具体因素。     

非法证据排除的启动程序研究

“两个证据”规定的出台,标志着我国非法证据排除规则的初步建立。“两个证据”规定虽彰显公安司法机关力图追求司法公正的态度与决心,然而,如何将制度规定有效运用于司法实践中,仍需一套具体的、稳定的、有效的操作程序。而要使“两个证据”规定付诸实施,首当其冲要面临启动非法证据排除的程序问题。建构非法证据排除的启动程序可从主体、影响因素、可能的展望等三方面着手。