考虑信息源相关的软件可信性评估模型

本文研究了信息源相关背景下的软件可信性评估问题.首先提出了一种改进的Denoeux谨慎连接规则,给出了面向多证据合并的水平合成算法;其次,定义了一个综合折扣和相对权重的联合系数用于指标集结或群体意见集结;最后,在分析评估过程中客观存在的信息不确定性和信息源相关等问题的基础上,给出了一个基于证据理论的软件可信性评估模型.典型算例验证了该模型的合理性和有效性.     

刑事证人拒绝作证的原因探析

刑事案件中证人证言具有非常重要的作用,然而目前刑事案件中证人拒绝作证的问题时常出现。文章试图从历史的角度、从现行法律对证人及其相关权利保护不力以及立法上证人权利和义务失衡等三个方面对证人拒绝作证的原因进行分析,以期对解决证人拒绝作证问题有所帮助。     

元语意识习得研究

儿童在习得语言各特征 :语音、语义、句法等特征的同时 ,也在逐步习得元语意识。运用幽默和隐喻是儿童显示其元语意识的两个明显标志。儿童的元语意识能力随着对语言各特征的逐步掌握而提高 ,同时也随认知的发展而发展。第二语言学习过程也是目的语元语意识的习得过程     

英语情态选用的理据

情态表达在英语中十分丰富,人们常常研究其主观性和客观性。文章从情态表达的理解和作用出发,通过分析其主观性和客观性之分的模糊之处,提出英语话语中情态表达选用的理据:感念推理、事实推理、理论推理和语用推理。     

论宋代法律制度的特点

宋代的政治、经济、文化以及社会生活较前代均发生了重大变化 ,这些变化在宋代的法律制度中均有了新的反映 ,使得宋代的法律制度较前代呈现出许多新的特点 ,具体反映在以下几个方面 :立法浩繁 ,以敕代律 ;皇帝直接加强了对法律的干预 ;民事立法增多 ,初步改变了中华法重刑法轻民法的特点 ;重视证据 ,对口供的采信度加强了制约     

论现象学视域中的自明性

现象学的自明性不是对象自身的自在显明,而是相对于一个主体的直接被给与。自明显现的直观对象不仅有纯粹的经验材料,还内在的包含了主体的先验认知形式,因而胡塞尔的自明性主要是逻辑的和谓述的自明性。作为知识的绝对起点和终极标准的自明性是一种先验的自明性,而一旦这种静态自明性被引入时间和辩证法,就会被转变为解释学的文化生成意义上的相对自明性,作为哲学起点和终点的绝对自明性也就消失了。     

通过规制法官的自由裁量权来实现司法公正

尽管司法不公的成因是多方面的 ,但是现实中的司法不公大多是因对法官自由裁量权的滥用而形成的 ,因此规制法官的自由裁量权对实现司法公正具有重要意义。通过规制法官的自由裁量权来实现司法公正是法院体制改革的一条路径 ,而完善证据制度 ,特别是严格限制法官的调查取证的范围、程序以及制定认证规则是规制法官自由裁量权的有效途径。     

电子签名证据及其应用

随着电子商务的迅速崛起,电子签名广泛应用于各种电子交易中,由此而引发的纠纷也纷至沓来,作为一种新的证据形式,它在诉讼中的地位和作用也日益受到学界的关注与重视。以电子签名的定义和分类为起点,阐述了电子签名的证据形式和电子签名作为证据使用的必要性和可行性,在此基础上,分析了电子签名的三个证据属性,即客观性、关联性和合法性,探讨了电子签名的证据应用程序,其包括对电子签名证据的举示、对电子签名证据的审查和司法机关对电子签名证据的认定等三个问题,以促进电子签名证据规则的发展。     

Multidimensional Family Therapy: A Science‐Based Treatment System

MDFT is a family‐based intervention for adolescent substance abuse and associated mental health and behavioural problems (Liddle, 2010). Integrative in several ways, MDFT uses an ecological or contextual conceptual framework to understand the developmental tasks of teens and their families. Research‐derived knowledge about risk and protective factors, and proximal causes, correlates and contributors to adolescent drug and related problems inform clinical thinking and interventions with every case. A multisystems approach, MDFT assesses and intervenes in four areas: (1) the adolescent as an individual and a member of a family and peer network; (2) the parent(s), both as individual adults and in his or her role as mother; father or caregiver; (3) the family environment and family relationships, as manifested in day‐to‐day family transactional patterns; and (4) extrafamilial sources of influence such as peers, school and juvenile justice. Interventions are made within and coordinated across domains. Progress in one area or with one person has implications for and use in others. Individual meetings with parent(s) and teen set the stage for family sessions, and family meetings may offer content and new outcomes that need to be brought to extrafamily meetings with juvenile justice or school personnel. MDFT was developed and tested as a treatment system rather than a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. A treatment system offers different versions of a clinical model that vary according to factors such as clinical sample characteristics (older versus younger adolescents, juvenile justice involved versus no involvement in juvenile justice systems), and treatment parameters (type of clinical setting and treatment dose).     

Treating Serious Emotional and Behavioural Problems Using Multisystemic Therapy

Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a family‐ and community‐based treatment of serious emotional and behavioural problems presented by adolescents. The development of this model began in the late 1970s, and today MST is a leading evidence‐based treatment of serious antisocial behaviour in youths, with programs transported to more than 30 states in the United States and 12 nations, including Australia and New Zealand. This article rerviews the theoretical rationale that underlies MST and presents the central clinical features of the intervention model. In addition, the training and quality assurance protocols used to promote MST program fidelity and treatment adherence are described. Finally, findings from approximately 15 published randomised and two quasi‐experimental clinical trials with youths presenting serious clinical problems (e.g., violence, substance abuse, serious emotional disturbance, sexual offending, and chronic illness) are summarised.