从创新教育的角度谈高校考试改革

高校考试现状不尽理想,不利于创新型人才的培养。考试内容、形式必须改革,应从单一的偏重对知识考察的笔试型,改变为对学生综合素质、创新能力和基本知识的综合考评。在改革的思路和方法上,笔者提出了建立人才评价体系中需要研究和探索的新课题。     

Agreement and discrepancy between children,parents, and social workers on school‐based effort avoidance in child welfare services

A multiperspective approach is beneficial for obtaining reliable and multifaceted pictures of child behaviour problems. The goal of the present study is to examine interrater agreement on school‐based effort avoidance between children receiving child welfare services, parents, and social workers. Given previous findings, interrater agreement is expected to be low. Self‐reported data on school‐based effort avoidance were gathered for children and adolescents in child welfare services. Additionally, social workers (using the Teacher‐Report Checklist for social and learning behaviour) and parents (using the parallel version of the self‐rating questionnaire on school‐based effort avoidance) were asked to complete an external assessment tool to compare children's perspectives with the ratings of significant adults. The results confirmed significant discrepancies between parents' and children's ratings on effort avoidance tendencies. Furthermore, there were only small to moderate correlations between children's self‐ratings and the adults' assessments; however, the consensus between adults was higher than the interrater agreement between children and social workers. Discrepancies in ratings from multiple informants underline the importance of integrating multiple perspectives, especially children's perspectives, in the diagnostic process in order to plan and adapt appropriate care and treatment.     

Note From Iran: Self-Reported Elder Abuse in Qazvin, 2012

This brief report provides a first look at self-reported instances of elder abuse by a sample of people 60 years and older living in Qazvin, Iran. Six hundred community-dwelling persons, drawn from the registry files of each health center in Qazin, completed questionnaires during April to October 2012. At least 80% of the participants reported experiencing some form of psychological abuse, financial abuse, and/or neglect at least once during a 2-month period. Physical and sexual abuse were rarely reported. Despite a strong Iranian cultural emphasis on respect for elders, the self-reporting of elder abuse, especially psychological abuse, is greater than our expectation. We recommend that health-related policies and programs begin to identify elder abuse and neglect as a first step in prevention.     

新闻媒介舆论引导力的内在特征及其运作机制

舆论引导是新闻媒介的基本社会功能之一,舆论引导力的高低决定舆论引导的效果。从舆论的形成及传播、导向来看,新闻媒介舆论引导力由事实报道能力、舆情研判能力、意见整合能力、新闻舆论传播能力、社会舆论导控能力等五要素构成。在新闻媒介的舆论引导实践运用中,这五要素相互融合、相互影响、相互作用,共同形成舆论引导力的有机共同体,并以合力的方式作用于舆论引导的各个环节。     

少数民族高考加分政策的公正性探究

少数民族高考加分政策实施多年,其公正性屡遭质疑,根本原因在于对该政策的根据缺乏深入而系统的认识。事实上,理性约定和平等原则构成其法律基础,循环累积因果论和帕累托最优为其提供经济学上的理论依据,唯有从这两方面厘清该政策的正当性根据,方可消除种种分歧以及在执行和实施过程中的异化和不合理现象。     

编辑审稿中的非学术因素及排除之策

学术期刊是学术和学科建设的重要阵地,应以学术性作为编辑审稿工作的唯一标准。然而,在现有学术评价体制的影响下,这一工作受到了诸多非学术因素的消极干扰,如以作者身份的高低而非稿件质量的高低来取舍稿件。这一非学术性倾向直接影响了审稿的公正性,也削弱了编辑审稿活动的意义,是学术评价异化的一种反映,不利于学术研究的正常进行和健康发展。编辑应该强化责任意识,自觉克服心理因素,排除思维定势,提高学术判断力,重视学术新人的发现和扶持,从而有效发挥学术期刊在学术和学科建设中的积极作用。     

在农村落榜生中普及中等职业教育的意义及对策

中、高考落榜生已经成为当代农村青少年的主体.他们在应试教育环境下完成学业,缺乏新型农村、工业化和城镇化建设的相应知识和技能,难以顺利就业、创业和长足发展.应该根据社会发展需要,通过普及职业教育,提高农村落榜生的综合素质,从而促进农村青少年的整体发展.只要适当扩大职业教育的规模,不断提高职业教育的质量,相应加大职业院校农村学生的资金扶助,我国就能在短期内普及农村落榜生中等职业教育.     

我国现行考试制度公平性的缺失与完善

考试制度作为现代社会人口教育、人才选拔的一种有效机制已经被人们广泛接受。建立相对公平、公正的考试制度对于促进教育公平、实现社会和谐发展无疑具有重要价值。调查发现。公众对我国目前的考试选拔制度持基本认可态度。但对考试中存在的一些不公平现象较为不满。在调查研究的基础上，本文提出了遏制教育腐败、改革考评机制，促进终身学习，完善我国各级各类考试制度的措施和途径。     

提高体育考试权重扭转学生体质下降趋势

本文以博弈论为工具分析体质健康利益各方，得出“片面追求升学率”是动态博弈的必然结果。在考试招生制度变动不大预期下，建议加大体质健康测评在各级考试招生中的权重，以扭转学生体质下降趋势。     

高职院校考试管理体制及其运行机制的构建与实践

本文分析了目前高职院校考试管理中存在的主要问题；结合我校考试管理的实际情况，构建了包含管理机构、命题制度、考核模式、考风考纪、试卷分析、管理手段等环节的考试管理体制及其运行机制；指出了考试管理体制及其运行机制在树立工作理念、规范管理程序、促进校风建设等实践中起到的重要作用。