集体行动、财政激励与村级公共产品自主供给

利用农村“一事一议”制度变迁作为研究对象,从影响农村居民集体行动的社会因素与财政因素两个维度,对农村公共产品自主供给进行实证分析,研究证实：“一事一议”制度有利于农村公共产品的结构优化,其显著提升了村级公共服务的供给绩效。农村传统的“宗族”社会结构有利于克服集体行动中的“自利行为”和“搭便车”倾向,促进了“一事一议”的开展,而当前逐步扩大的收入差距形成了公共产品的偏好差异,提高了“一事一议”的交易成本,但是有效率的村级治理体制对村庄开展“一事一议”具有促进作用。“一事一议”挂钩的财政补助,具有显著的“激励效应”。实证研究结论对于创新农村公共产品供给方式,培育内生性的公共产品自主供给机制,提供了决策依据。     

基于效率视角的上市公司股权激励工具选择研究

本文运用2011-2016年发布股权激励计划的我国A股上市公司数据，从激励效率的角度，探讨公司规模、成长性及产权性质等异质性要素如何影响公司股权激励工具的选择。研究发现，公司规模能够显著影响股权激励工具的效率，大型上市公司更适合使用股票期权，而小型上市公司更适合使用限制性股票；且公司成长性越高，上述匹配关系对股权激励效率的影响越显著。对于国有上市公司，选择股票期权作为股权激励工具比限制性股票更具有激励效率。     

The gender pay gap in nonprofit executive compensation in South Florida

In general, systemic imbalance in pay between men and women is well established, but the literature on pay imbalance is mixed for nonprofit executives. Difference in organizational size could be a relevant factor in explaining pay imbalance, as previous research suggests average female nonprofit executives lead smaller organizations. The present study examines the role of governance accreditation on the gender gap in chief executive pay, using a 2 × 2 analysis of covariance to control for organizational size (as measured by annual revenue) when comparing samples of accredited and nonaccredited organizations in South Florida. We found a wage gap for gender, with female executives averaging 12% less compensation than male executives, after controlling for organizational size. No significant effect was found for accreditation; although the only significant difference between genders was in the nonaccredited sample, the findings hint that any trend towards pay equity would be due to a pattern of the male executives in the accredited sample being paid less than their counterparts in nonaccredited organizations.     

Reproducing authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey: urban governance and state restructuring in the shadow of executive centralization

ABSTRACT

The implosion of popular struggles against the erosion of economic and democratic rights in the Middle East has thrown into sharp relief the co-constitutive character of neoliberal reforms and authoritarian state practices. This article zooms in on this relationship, and traces the consolidation of a core component of authoritarian statisms by examining how the ruling AKP government in Turkey has facilitated executive centralization. This process refers to a form of state restructuring whereby key decision-making powers are increasingly concentrated in the hands of the central government while democratic avenues to contest government policies are curtailed through legal and administrative reforms, and the marginalization of dissident social forces. I unpack the mechanisms of executive centralization in Turkey by exploring the transformation of urban governance under AKP rule, which has promoted a spectacular degree of state-led commodification of land and housing while simultaneously recentralizing key decision-making powers. The investigation demonstrates that executive centralization in urban governance has paved the way for the swift implementation of contested urban transformation projects marked by a non-participatory approach to urban ‘renewal’, the reconfiguration of the state’s redistributive function vis-à-vis low-income households, and a tendency to exacerbate existing patterns of inequalities in the housing market.     

我国国有银行内部激励机制

科学有效的内部激励机制可以充分的调动员工积极性、提升团队效率、促进企业发展。然而我国国有银行的内部激励机制起步较晚，与发达国家相比较为落后，科学性和有效性都有待进一步完善。主要分析了国有银行内部激励机制的现状，指出了存在的问题，并提出了切实可行的完善建议。     

劳动的社会价值测度研究

当今，知识和信息技术的价值化和产业化使得一般人类劳动出现了体力劳动和脑力劳动的分化，且有不同的价值体现，故马克思提出的简单劳动和复杂劳动需要重新定义，将体力劳动定义为简单劳动，脑力劳动定义为复杂劳动。简单劳动是一次耗费，一次凝结并物化到劳动产品的价值中，而复杂劳动是整体或连续性的凝结到知识及与知识相关的产品中。简单劳动和复杂劳动的价值测度模型表明：在完美市场状态下，如果简单劳动的社会劳动生产率提高，那么复杂劳动者的价值也会相应提高。据此，我国要建立健全劳动力市场，就要注重劳动的平等性，对于复杂劳动要建立长效的报酬机制，鼓励创新和社会价值的提升；对于简单劳动要建立充分的竞争机制，给予简单劳动者二次分配后的社会福利与收入补贴。     

北京市行政-立法关系研究——基于北京市人大立法过程的视角

基于北京市人大常委会门户网站,通过收集第十三、十四届北京市人大在立法过程各个阶段的实证数据,分析了北京市人大和政府在立法过程中各自所发挥的作用,从而探究北京市行政-立法关系.研究发现,北京市人大在现实运行中尚未实现其主导功能,具体表现为:"官员"代表和兼职代表比例高、"行政部门化"趋向、程序性手段效用缺失、立法解释权虚置.但是,与此同时实证数据也显示北京市近两届人大正通过调整代表结构、提前介入、强化实质性审议等手段提升立法自主性,推动人大制度与时俱进.     

论行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的正当性与可行性

行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的正当性,源于它是行政权与司法权相互配合从而履行国家环保义务、实现环境保护目标的实践.建立完善生态环境损害赔偿制度应当立足司法实际需要,通过行政权与司法权在诉讼各阶段的合理配置,使行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼获得更高效的判决、更有力度的执行.为此,应当完善诉讼的提起与推动、判决的做出与执行等全过程制度建设.     

基于激励理论的团队机制设计

运用激励理论,从成员风险意识、激励类型、工作方式、监督机制等方面,分析了团队激励机制设计中存在的问题,以及激励机制对成员行为的影响,为进一步研究团队理论提供了依据     

需求的差异性与销售激励问题

通过考察制造商的销售组织的激励问题,证明了激励的大小与需求的弹性存在直接的关系。以销售收入或销售量作为合约订立基础的合约方式,激励因子则不能仅以绝对风险规避度作为唯一的订立依据,应让绝对风险规避度较高的人员负责需求弹性较高的区域,并引入竞争机制。