论德沃金的整体性阐释理论

德沃金的整体性阐释理论主要是为了批驳"因袭主义"和"实用主义"这两种关于法律的观念而专门提出的。通过对一些著名的疑难案件的讨论,德沃金认为,任何一个案件都存在一个唯一正确的答案,而这主要是来自于法律共同体所达成的基本共识。整体性阐释理论对我国的司法审判有所启示,主要是对"自由裁量权"行使的合理限制。     

浅议中国人物画的线条艺术

线条是中国人物画的精脉,是最简练概括的表现语言,是带有主观性的、带有情感的语言。中国人物画中的线条运用是极为丰富的,也是十分重要的。通过分析中国人物画的名画和历史,对中国人物画线条基本类型、线条练习、线条运用的研究,探讨中国人物画线条艺术的魅力。     

体育锻炼对高职高专学生心理健康干预研究

随着时代的发展,社会的进步,大学生的心理健康问题日益受到了人们的重视与关注。通过对高职高专学生心理健康干预的研究,寻找提高高职高专学生身心健康标准的切入点,通过整合建立大学生身心健康教育的模型,尤其注重建立＂常态＂和＂发展＂层面学生身心健康的教学模式,为高职高专体育课教学提供科学的实践依据;同时为高职高专学校体育课程体系进行科学、合理、有效的评价提供理论依据。     

太极拳和健美操锻炼对身体自我概念的影响

目的:探讨不同锻炼方式的体育锻炼对身体自我的影响,为进行不同方式的身体锻炼提供理论指导。方法:通过问卷调查,对不同方式的锻炼进行独立样本T检验。结果:男生比女生有更多积极的身体自我概念,太极拳比健美操锻炼者有更多积极的身体自我概念。结论:为了促进太极运动的推广,有必要对进行长期的追踪研究。     

Pilot Testing a Cognitive-Behavioral Protocol on Psychosocial Predictors of Exercise,Nutrition, Weight,and Body Satisfaction Changes in a College-Level Health-Related Fitness Course

Abstract

Objective: Small-scale pilot testing of supplementing a required college health-related fitness course with a cognitive-behavioral exercise-support protocol (The Coach Approach). Participants: Three classes were randomly assigned to Usual processes (n = 32), Coach Approach–supplemented: Mid-size Groups (n = 32), and Coach Approach–supplemented: Small Groups (n = 34) conditions. Methods: Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) assessed overall and between-class changes in the behavioral/physiological factors of exercise, fruit/vegetable intake, and body mass index (BMI); and the psychosocial factors of self-regulation, exercise self-efficacy, mood, and body satisfaction. Dependent t tests evaluated within-class changes. Multiple regression analyses tested prediction of exercise by changes in self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood. Results: Significant improvements in self-regulation and fruit/vegetable intake were found in all classes. The Coach Approach–supplemented classes demonstrated significant increases in exercise. Significant improvements in BMI, self-efficacy, and body satisfaction were found in only The Coach Approach–supplemented: Small Groups class. Psychosocial changes predicted increased exercise. Self-regulation was the strongest contributor. Conclusions: Overall, results were positive and warrant more comprehensive testing.     

Stages of Change Among Ethnically Diverse College Students

Abstract

The authors applied the stage-of-change construct in the transtheoretical model to examine the distribution of Asian (n = 869), African American (n = 373), White (n = 1322), and Hispanic (n = 535) American undergraduate students across the 5 stages of change for exercise. Stage of change varied as a function of ethnicity. Higher percentages of minorities were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages. The likelihood of being in these stages was from 43% to 82% greater for minorities than for White students. Also examined were the congruency between stage of change and self-reported levels of physical activity. Half of the sedentary students and 15.6% of the active students were misclassified by the stage-of-change procedure. Misclassification rates were higher for minority women (27.8%) than for White women (17.8%) and for Asian students (24.6%) compared with all others (20.6%). The results of this study have implications for the design of physical activity interventions based on stage of change.     

Mindfulness and health behaviors in college students: The moderating role of sleep

Abstract

Objective: To examine the moderating effects of subjective sleep quality (SSQ) and sleep duration on the relationships between mindfulness and health behaviors (i.e. nutrition and exercise) among undergraduate students. The unique influence of the five facets (i.e. factors) of mindfulness (i.e. observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonreactivity to inner experience and nonjudging of inner experience) on students’ health behaviors was also explored. Participants: Three hundred fifty seven undergraduate students enrolled in U.S. colleges. Methods: Students completed an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. Results: SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. The observe facet of mindfulness was the most predictive of nutrition behavior, whereas the observe and describe facets were the most predictive of exercise behavior. Conclusions: Interventions that target mindfulness and sleep quality may help promote healthy eating and increased exercise engagement in college students.     

Alzheimer's Disease and Older Women

The graying of America suggests that dementia will become "the epidemic of the 21st century." First described in 1907, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accounts for an estimated two-thirds of all dementia. AD currently has no cure, thus causing a major drain on health care and family resources. Compared to men, women are uniquely affected by AD due to their gender-associated increased risk, longer life span, and roles as caregivers within families and institutions. Living successfully with dementia requires medical and behavioral interventions to manage disruptive symptoms, knowledge to optimize environmental conditions, and caregiver support and savvy to avoid burnout. Strategies for maximizing functioning in older women living with AD are provided.     

8周指定强度训练对不经常锻炼女生强度-情绪反应的影响

29名不经常锻炼女大学生被随机分成2个实验组和1个对照组,采用RPE生成强度方案,实验组分别以RPE=11和RPE=16的强度训练8周,对照组自由活动,训练前和训练后3组被试均参加10min RPE生成强度运动,运动中3、6、9min及运动后5min自述主观运动体验,以检验不同指定强度训练对不经常锻炼者强度-感情反应的影响.结果显示,积极良好状态有组别主效应和强度×时间交互作用,无训练效应.心理苦恼有测试×强度×时间×组别交互作用.疲劳有测试×强度×组别、测试×强度×时间与强度×时间×组别的交互作用.研究暗示更高强度的健身训练使不经常锻炼者强度-情绪反应的变化更积极.     

竞教比赛的多层面Rasch模型分析

运用多层面Rasch模型,从选手、评委、性别和评分量表等几个层面对英语专业青年教师竞教比赛评分质量进行了研究。该研究涉及5名评委和6名选手。研究结果表明,选手的教学能力有显著差别。评委在评分严厉度上存在差异,这种差异可能会影响比赛结果的信度。评分量表不能较好地区分选手的教学能力,评委在评分过程中有较为严重的趋中现象。偏差分析表明,部分评委对某些选手的评分有显著偏差。