运动导致延迟性肌肉酸痛探微

人体从事大强度或不习惯运动后产生的延迟性肌内酸痛,长期以来困扰着运动训练和大众体育健身活动的顺利进行.本文从运动生理学的视角,对产生延迟性肌肉酸痛的原因进行了探讨;提出了预防与消除延迟性肌肉酸痛的手段.旨在为运动训练和全民体育健身活动提供一点借鉴.     

高校贫困生心理特征与体育锻炼的研究

采用问卷调查法(包括一般问卷调查法和心理卫生调查问卷scl-90量表)对浙江海洋学院部分贫困生的心理特征以及和体育锻炼的关系进行调查研究.结果显示:贫困生对体育锻炼价值认识匮乏;贫困生积极心理特征有利于体育锻炼的学习和训练,体育锻炼可以加固和强化贫困生积极心理;人际关系、焦虑、抑郁等是贫困生较为严重的心理问题.经过分析论证,针对贫困生心理现状提出了体育教育改革的对策.     

运动处方作为校本课程资源开发的可行性研究

随着新一轮课程改革的进行,课程资源的合理开发对课程改革起到很大的推动作用.同时,课程改革的实施对学校在软、硬件方面提出了更高的要求.针对不同区域、不同学校的实际情况,能否结合本校的实际情况合理地开发校本课程是课程改革的重要一环.文章提出运动处方作为校本课程资源开发的可行性.旨在与同行共同探讨运动处方作为校本课程资源开发的可行性的问题,以求课程改革能更有效、更科学地进行;同时也为学生的终身健康和培养终身健身意识提供帮助.     

体育运动对人体心理健康的影响

随着社会的进步、科技的发展,人们对身心健康需求显得越来越强烈.然而,现代高科技,一方面给人的身心健康提供了良好的医疗保障设施,另一方面它也给人的身心健康产生一些负性的影响,如运动不足症、亚健康、现代"文明病"等.大量研究结果表明身体锻炼是保持和增进心理健康、消除心理疾病的一个重要方法.探讨身体锻炼与心理健康的关系成了近年来国内外运动心理学界的关注焦点.因此,本文在综合国内外最新研究成果的基础上,就这一问题进行了探讨.     

体验式教学在运动生理学教学中的应用

体验式教学是指使学习者通过亲历体验而获得知识和掌握技能的教学方法。体验式教学具有亲历性、针对性和双向互动性的特点。在运动生理学教学中通过课堂情境体验法、实验实训体验法、网络课堂体验法、研究性学习与创新性实验体验法等各个教学环节,能更好地完成教学目标,使学习者积极主动地产生认知,形成概念,构建知识,学习兴趣和主动性不断提高,达到了认知过程和情感体验过程有机结合的目的,并有利于培养学生的创造性思维、协作能力等综合素质。     

A Mandatory Student Health Insurance Program at a Large State University

Abstract

A new compulsory-with-waiver health insurance plan at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUN-YAB) was designed in 1976 after assessing available literature on students' insurance, morbidity, health care costs, attitudes, data from past SUNYAB insurance plans and health service statistics. Previous findings that the morbidity of this population is low is corroborated by the data available on the students considered within this project. Illnesses common to this age group are predominantly acute, and require a low rate of hospitalization. The new insurance program cost an unmarried single student $67.00 and was a success by several criteria. Approximately 5,000 more students were enrolled in the complusory plan than in the previous voluntary one. Among students interviewed, both those who enrolled and those who did not, felt that the idea of compulsory health insurance for students was a good idea. Virtually all full-time students in the university were covered by some health insurance.     

Male Responsibility in Sexual Activity and Family Planning: Perspectives of a College Mental Health Professional

Abstract

Social movements of the previous two decades have forced a reevaluation of the traditional male role in sexual activity and family planning. Men are now expected to be active, responsible participants in decisions and actions concerning contraception, child care, pregnancy, partner satisfaction, and emotional bonding. While a number of rational “shoulds” have been advanced as guidelines for healthy, responsible male functioning, the actual behavior exercised is often a function of more irrational or conflicted motivations. The focus of this paper is an examination of motivations underlying maladaptive decisions by college males in the areas of sexual intercourse, contraception, and partner pleasure. The motivations involved in decisions to engage in sexual intercourse are classified and discussed along interpersonal and intrapersonal dimensions. The motivations involved in the use or nonuse of contraceptives are classified and discussed through use of Horney's interpersonal nomenclature. The motivations involved in the failure to give pleasure to one's partner are classified and discussed through use of sexual character types adapted by the author from Millon's personality typology. A societal influence on male lovemaking is also addressed. Concluding remarks address the difficulty of precisely defining male responsibility in sexual activity and family planning.     

Monitoring hydration status pre- and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss indicators

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the hydration status pre- and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss as indicators. Participants: Participants were 52 university athletes training for campus games in a developing country. Methods: Pre- and post-training urine specimens were compared with a standard urine color scale. Paired t tests were used to compare urine color and difference in body mass pre- and post-training. Results: The mean age of the athletes was 22.87 ± 3.21. A statistically significance difference (p < .01) was observed between pre- (4.31 ± 1.75) and post- (5.67 ± 1.45) training urine color values for males. Hydration status and weight post-training were statistically significantly different both at the level of p < .01. Conclusions: The results suggest that there is a link between urine color and body mass difference among the student athletes tested. Exercise increases hypohydration due to fluid losses, and therefore attention should be given to fluid supplementation and individualization of fluid intake for each athlete.     

Associations of physical exercise as a lifestyle habit with lean and fat body mass and handgrip strength and age in Asian men

Abstract

Background: We evaluated how the intensity of physical exercise as a lifestyle habit is associated with age, body composition and handgrip strength.

Methods: Total body composition was analyzed using DEXA. Exercise scores were derived from an administered questionnaire and the scoring was calculated using the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer.

Results: Age, independent of exercise intensity, was associated with declining lean mass, and handgrip strength and with increasing total body fat. A regular physical exercise regime of intensity greater than 1230 MET-min/week was associated with higher total lean mass and lean mass in the limbs, and handgrip strength and lower fat mass in the limbs.

Discussion: We have shown that age was associated with lower lean mass especially in the limbs and handgrip strength and higher total fat mass. Regular physical exercise as a lifestyle habit of any type and of sufficient intensity could help improve muscle strength in the limbs.