30分钟快步行走对冠心病患者IGF-1和CRP的影响

目的观察30分钟3千米的有氧运动训练方案对冠心病患者(非心绞痛型)IGF-1和CRP水平的影响。方法回顾我科2013年1~6月期间收治的符合入组条件的冠心病患者,按开始接受冠心病二级预防治疗已满2周、4周和9周的时间点,随机抽取符合本次试验的患者,并建议其返回医院,完善本次试验对应时间点的相关检测指标,作为对照组(A组);对我科2013年6~12月期间收治的符合入组条件的冠心病患者作为观察组(B组),给予每日30分钟3千米快步行走的运动康复方案。结果 B组患者运动满2周时的IGF-1水平较A组患者无显著性差异(P0.05);B组患者运动满4周和9周时的IGF-1水平较A组患者升高,但B组患者9周时的IGF-1水平较4周时的IGF-1水平无明显变化(P0.05);B组患者运动满2周、4周和9周时的CRP水平较A组患者无明显差异(P0.05);IGF-1水平和CRP水平之间未提示有相关性。结论 30分钟3千米快步行走的有氧运动方式改善了冠心病患者运动4周、9周后的IGF-1水平,但运动9周后的IGF-1水平较4周时,未见进一步提升;本次观察结果未显示该运动方案对CRP水平有影响,也未提示IGF-1水平与CRP水平之间有相关性。     

大众健身科学化的意义及实施标准和策略

大众健身科学化能大大提升民众的身心健康素质,有效提高民众健身的效果,有利于全民健身目标的实现。大众健身科学化应该遵循如下标准和实施策略：80％以上的居民必须具备科学的健身意识,大众健身科学化必须有政府的参与和大力支持,做到健身运动的项目选择、层次安排、运动强度和运动频率等的科学化。随着大众健身科学化的进程,大众健身的目标和人们的高质量生活需求一定能完满达成。     

利用习题课教学促进大学生数学认知结构的发展与优化

习题课教学是高等数学教学不可分割的部分，在学生建构良好的数学认知结构过程中发挥着重要作用，对数学学习影响极大．目前习题课教学中存在的问题主要有：知识点的简单罗列；解题过程缺乏探索；忽视解题后的反思．为发挥习题课的特殊功能，对概念小结，例题讲解，解题后反思进行了重新审视．     

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Several lines of evidence indicate that infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in elderly people, thus suggesting that altered function of immune organs and cells, such as thymus and T and B lymphocytes are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, old subjects are less responsive to vaccine than younger because of immune changes. The most common changes accompanying the adaptive immune system include decrement of T and B cells proliferation, repertoire degeneracy, increase of the memory cell type, decreased numbers of naive cells, and shift from T helper₁ (Th1) to T helper₂ (Th2) response. Regular exercise in the elderly may improve the alterations in acquired immunity which follow the physiological process of aging, allowing a major resistance against external pathogens and a better quality of life.     

中专女生晨练运动负荷的研究

对 1 1 0名中专女生晨练运动负荷的研究表明 :适度的晨练运动 ,能提高大脑中枢的兴奋性 ,提高学习效率 ;但晨练不能作为学生提高运动成绩的主要训练时段 ,因为运动负荷过大 ,会影响学生上午上课的精神状态     

Variability in measures of health and health behavior among emerging adults 1 year after high school according to college status

Objective: To examine changes in health behaviors among US emerging adults 1 year after high school. Participants: The national sample of participants (N = 1,927), including those attending 4-year college/university (n = 884), 2-year colleges/technical schools (n = 588), and no college (n = 455), participated in annual spring surveys 2013–2014. Methods: Health behaviors were assessed the last year of high school and first year of college; differences by college status controlling for previous-year values were estimated using regression analyses. Results: Relative to 4-year college attendees, those attending technical school/community college were less likely to binge drink (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, confidence interval [CI] = 0.38–0.86) but more likely to speed (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.0–2.84), consume sodas (OR = 1.57, CI = 1.0–2.47), and report lower family satisfaction (p < .01), with marginally more physical and depressive symptoms. College nonattendees reported more DWI (driving while intoxicated; OR = 1.60, CI = 1.05–2.47), soda drinking (OR = 2.51, CI = 1.76–3.59), oversleeping (OR = 4.78, CI = 3.65–8.63), and less family satisfaction (p < .04). Conclusions: Health risk behaviors among emerging adults varied by college status.     

Behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise among American college students relative to stages of change and gender

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise among university students in terms of gender and stage of change. Participants: Data were collected from American college students (N = 257; M_age ± SD = 23.02 ± 4.05) in Spring 2013. Methods: Behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise were assessed, along with stage of change. Results: Exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise and a greater tendency to experience flow than those in preparation and action stages. Significant correlations were observed among behavioral regulations and flow state. Nonsignificant differences were observed for gender on behavioral regulations and dispositional flow in exercise. Conclusions: The results suggest that promotion of self-determined motivation and dispositional flow in exercisers may improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behavior.     

大学生自卑感及体育锻炼的干预研究

对湖南省部分大学生自卑感的问卷调查显示：大学生有一定的自卑心理,自卑感总分在性别、年级因素上存在显著差异。在专业因素上不具显著差异。从体育锻炼对自卑感的影响效益看,在中等强度的锻炼条件下,经过12周的体育锻炼,不同程度地降低了被试者的自牟感水平,因而佐证了体育锻炼的心理效益,适宜的体育锻炼对促进大学生的心理健康具有积极意义。     

体育在人口老龄化社会中的作用

人口老龄化社会,人类面临着老年人身心健康问题和由此产生的社会经济问题的困扰.体育作为维系衰老与健康的纽带,对缓解机体衰老与提高机体健康水平有着不可替代的作用.文章通过查阅文献资料,从分析人口老龄化入手,探讨了体育在人口老龄化社会中的功能.     

Optimal health and function among the elderly: lessening severity of ADL disability

Despite mounting evidence implicating sedentary behavior as a significant risk factor among the elderly, there is a limited amount of information on the type and amount of activity needed to promote optimal health and function in older people. Overall muscle strength and mass decline 30–50% between the ages of 30 and 80. The loss of muscle mass accounts for most of the observed loss of strength. The loss of muscle tissue is due to a decrease in the number of muscle fibers and to atrophy of the type II muscle fibers. The declining strength reduces the capacity to carry out basic activities of daily life and puts people at risk for falls and dependence on others. The objective of the present review is to examine the role of exercise training as a primary tool for increasing cardiopulmonary and muscular fitness in order to lessen the severity of disability in activities of daily living and to attain optimal health and functioning among the elderly.