Reportage: Small exhibits,major steps: four post-Soviet Jewish museums

The small-scale Jewish museums in Chi?in?u (Moldova), Odessa (Ukraine), Lviv (Ukraine), and Minsk (Belarus) narrate the history of once flourishing Jewish communities, and document their disappearance. Their permanent collections, which consist of the private belongings that emigrating Jewish families gave them in the early 1990s, are the basis for their exhibitions. These museums opened in the early 2000s under the auspices of local Jewish cultural and charitable organizations. They are not state museums and lack a solid financial foundation and stable professional curatorial team. Much depends on the personal vision of their directors. Despite both limited exhibition space and locations not frequented by tourists, these museums are important agents of memory and identity for local Jewish and non-Jewish audiences, as well as for international visitors.     

Canadian Social Services and Social Work Practice in the Field of Aging

No abstract available for this article.     

刑罚轻缓化的必然性论析

当代世界刑罚的发展趋势是刑罚的轻缓化。刑罚的轻缓化有其发展的必然性,这种必然性最重要的现实表现是我国宽严相济刑事政策的确立;刑罚轻缓化必然性的理论根据是刑罚的人道性、刑罚的谦抑性和刑罚的有限性;刑罚轻缓化必然性具有有利于保障人权和保护社会、有利于犯罪人改造等多种社会价值。