从《大略》篇看荀子的义利观

读《大略》可以看出,荀子已经发现功利主义和道义主义是人类两种最基本的行为取向,两者相互斗争,其势力消长关系着社会的安定与动乱,人可以参与并调节两者的矛盾运动。他主张人为地助长道义主义,通过“以义克利”的过程而实现“义利两有”。他把其义利观贯彻于他的天人观、教育观、认识论和治国论中,形成了精神激励、利益驱动、权利制约三种手段并用的综合社会治理思想,其中不乏真知灼见,但亦带有理论偏见,对中国文化产生了重大影响。     

浅谈我国民事诉讼认证制度若干问题

合理的民事认证制度能够使当事人的诉权和法官的审判权受到公开制衡,形成互动关系,有助于实现程序公正,提高诉讼效率。我国目前的民事认证制度存在立法不明,司法散乱,现有制度的证据原则不能适应民事诉讼的发展和客观需要等缺陷。需要全面系统地研究和运用民事审判方式改革理论和证据理论,建立科学、完善、实用的民事认证体系,大力推动民事审判方式改革和民事证据制度改革的进程。     

工商管理专业ERP沙盘模拟教学的反思与改进

传统教学方式以理论教学为主,案例教学因学生缺少实践经验而收效甚微,也不能充分调动学生的积极性。ERP沙盘模拟训练具有趣味性、体验性、实战性等特点,能够充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性。让学生将所学知识应用于实践,加深学生对知识的理解和应用,锻炼其团队精神、规划能力和合作精神,提高学生的就业和创业能力。对ERP沙盘模拟教学存在的问题也进行了反思。     

计算机专业本科毕业设计中问题与对策探讨

毕业设计是高校本科教育中的重要实践环节,在本科生培养具有重要的意义。分析了计算机专业毕业设计质量下降的原因,分别从设计选题、时间安排、过程监督、校企联合培养、教学内容改革以及毕业设计成绩评价等几个方面提出了应对措施。     

城市新区空间结构优化探讨

通过分析城市新区空间拓展的动力,就城市新区空间结构的现状及存在的主要问题,提出了城市新区空间结构优化的对策,主要包括:制定科学合理的规划,强调区域整体发展;整合城市各类用地,建设紧凑新区;加快城市基础设施建设,走经营城市之路;营造良好的生态空间网络系统。     

法院调解的存在逻辑与功能分析——以陕西省某市A区法院为实证考察

从清代和陕甘宁边区两种不同的案件案件调解模式来看,其背后成因是司法环境的改变。当代中国的司法环境为面子社会里的人情往来、差序格局下的私人道德、社会失范后的信仰缺失、权力体系内的司法弱小和乡土中国中的法律真空,这使得法院调解在现阶段依然有其存在的合理性与必然性。结合对陕西省某市A区法院的实证研究,借鉴棚濑孝雄的过程分析,可以发现法院调解在解决观念型、心理型、"熟人社会"型、矛盾激化型纠纷以及弥补司法能力不足方面,相比于正式审判制度有着独特的价值和功能。但是法院调解实践中出现的各种弊端也有待进一步规范。     

Optimal designs for response functions with a downturn

In many toxicological assays, interactions between primary and secondary effects may cause a downturn in mean responses at high doses. In this situation, the typical monotonicity assumption is invalid and may be quite misleading. Prior literature addresses the analysis of response functions with a downturn, but so far as we know, this paper initiates the study of experimental design for this situation. A growth model is combined with a death model to allow for the downturn in mean doses. Several different objective functions are studied. When the number of treatments equals the number of parameters, Fisher information is found to be independent of the model of the treatment means and on the magnitudes of the treatments. In general, A- and D_A-optimal weights for estimating adjacent mean differences are found analytically for a simple model and numerically for a biologically motivated model. Results on c-optimality are also obtained for estimating the peak dose and the EC₅₀ (the treatment with response half way between the control and the peak response on the increasing portion of the response function). Finally, when interest lies only in the increasing portion of the response function, we propose composite D-optimal designs.     

Effects of Organizational Environment,Internal Structure,and Team Climate on the Effectiveness of Local Emergency Planning Committees1

This study proposed and tested a model of factors influencing the effectiveness of Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs). Data were collected from the chairs of Michigan LEPCs, who were asked to provide information about their LEPCs’staffing, activities, resources, and team climate, as well as information about community hazards and relationships with other organizations in their communities. The model was partially supported. As hypothesized, team climate substantially mediated the relationships between an LEPCs effectiveness and many of the attributes of its internal structure and external environment. In addition, three (emergency planning resources, community support and LEPC staffing and structure) out of four categories of variables hypothesized to influence team climate were, in fact directly related to it. There were two major inconsistencies with the model. First, two types of emergency planning resources were found to have a direct influence on LEPC effectiveness rather than an indirect effect mediated by team climate. In addition, hazard vulnerability was hypothesized to have a direct effect on team climate, but the data showed this relationship was mediated by community support and by LEPC staffing and structure. A revised model was proposed that suggests ways in which members can change the structure of an LEPC and strategies to enhance its effectiveness.     

Developing a Subject-Derived Terminology to Describe Perceptions of Chemicals in Foods

Risk perception may be influenced by a number of factors, such as unfamiliarity, lack of control, perceived consequences, and hazards being seen as catastrophic and having risk for future generations. Risk perception researchers have typically used such investigator-selected characteristics to assess hazards. In the first study reported here, the repertory grid method was used to elicit the terminology that subjects ( n = 30) use to distinguish between 30 different chemicals. The data were submitted to generalized Procrustes analysis. The first principal axis of the resulting consensus plot separated the chemicals ranging from "poisonous or toxic,""harmful or dangerous," and "sounds negative" at one end, to "positive effect on health,""often present in food nowadays," and "sounds positive" at the other end. The second principal axis ranged from "familiar with or knowledge of" and "chemical" to "natural." A second study ( n = 226) was carried out to look at the general validity of the results of the repertory grid interviews using a fixed questionnaire. The data were submitted to principal components analysis and internal preference mapping. The first principal component ranged from "safe" and "healthy" at one end, to "poisonous" and "harmful" at the other end. The chemicals also separated in terms of "familiar,""chemical," and "natural." All three methods of data collection and analysis yield essentially similar results.     

在役混凝土构件可靠度分析

在役结构的现场检测是对结构可靠性评估的重要手段之一，以现有的研究成果来看，对在役结构评估时将结构的状态参数引入到结构的物理状态研究中尚不多见。基于以上考虑，为对在役结构可靠性作出客观评价，基于现场检测数据的处理，利用改进的一次二阶矩的可靠度分析方法，结合现行的混凝土结构设计规范，从正截面裂缝宽度角度对建筑工程中的受弯构件在均布荷载作用下的可靠性进行分析，并探讨其对构件可靠度的影响。