关于高校建筑设计课程教学的反思

全球化时代的来临和建筑行业的发展给我国建筑教育提出了新的要求,就新形势下高校建筑设计课程教学进行了一些思考,强调培养学生设计思维能力的重要性并针对如何提高设计思维能力进行了论述。     

OEM product design in a price competition with remanufactured product

An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) produces new products and often faces a dilemma when determining the level of interchangeability in its product design. The interchangeability is considered as a degree to which the product can be disassembled without force, and thus an increasing degree of interchangeability would decrease the OEM's production cost, but it would also lower a remanufacturer's cost in cannibalizing used items. Decreasing the level of interchangeability to deter the remanufacturer, on the other hand, would simultaneously increase the production costs of the OEM. We thus formulate a two-period supply chain model consisting of two chain members, an OEM and a remanufacturer, to investigate the product design decision of the OEM and both chain members' competitive pricing strategies. We then characterize the equilibrium decisions and profits with regard to costs and consumers' preference for the remanufactured product. We also evaluate a strategic game in which the OEM chooses the degree of interchangeability, and the remanufacturer determines its collection strategy. We find that the product-design strategy is effective for the OEM in competing with the remanufacturer, but it is not necessarily harmful to the remanufacturer.     

具有遗憾值约束的鲁棒供应链网络设计模型研究

考虑不确定性环境,研究战略层次的供应链网络鲁棒设计问题,目标是设计参数发生摄动时,供应链性能能够保持稳健性。基于鲁棒解的定义,建立从上游供应商选择到下游设施选址-需求分配的供应链网络设计鲁棒优化模型;提出确定遗憾值限定系数上限和下限的方法,允许决策者调节鲁棒水平,选择多种供应链网络结构;通过模型分解与协调,设计了供应链节点配置的禁忌搜索算法。算例的计算结果表明了禁忌搜索算法具有良好的收敛特性,以及在处理大规模问题上的优越性;同时也反映了利用鲁棒优化模型进行供应链网络设计,可以有效规避投资风险。     

企业的国际化感知风险对国际化绩效影响研究

以中国国际化企业为研究对象,探讨中国国际化企业的国际化感知风险对企业国际化绩效的影响。从国际化感知风险概念出发,通过引入企业资源能力(调节变量)和国际化市场进入模式(中介变量),剖析国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的影响,并在此基础上构建国际化感知风险与国际化绩效关系整合研究框架。通过对463家中国国际化企业的数据研究发现,国际化感知风险与国际化绩效之间存在显著负相关关系;国际化感知风险不仅直接作用于国际化绩效,而且还经由企业的市场进入模式间接作用于国际化绩效,即市场进入模式的中介作用显著;国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的作用受国际化经验的调节,国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的回归系数是国际化经验的二次函数。     

先前经验、学习风格与创业能力的实证研究

如何提升创业者的创业能力是目前创业实践中亟待解决的问题。在将经验和能力区分开的基础上,从创业学习的视角出发,深入挖掘创业者先前经验与创业能力之间的作用关系机制,探讨创业者经验向创业能力转化的内在机理,采用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、层级回归分析等方法,对173家中国新创企业的调查问卷进行分析。研究结果表明,学习风格在创业者先前经验与创业能力的关系中发挥调节作用,不同类型的先前经验对不同类型的创业能力产生影响,创业者的学习风格也并非像以往研究所认为的那样存在优劣之分,而是存在一个匹配关系,当创业者的信息获取/转化方式与他的先前经验类型相匹配时,这一类型的经验才能更好的转化为创业能力。     

考虑消费者网购体验滞后的产品定价研究

随着电子商务技术的发展,网络购物越来越便利。与此同时,网络购物带来的产品体验滞后也导致了消费者对产品的认知不确定性。而这种不确定性正在成为消费者策略性退货行为的主要原因,如消费者同时购买多件具有横向差异的产品,在收到货物后经亲身体验后保留一件而将其他产品退货。本文通过构建Hotelling模型,探讨了企业在考虑此种影响情况下的最优定价策略,分析得出：当消费者的退货成本增加时,企业最优定价也随之增加;消费者对产品的先验效用差异化越小,企业的最优定价也越低。同时发现,若某种产品无消费者单独购买,企业的最优定价会随消费者偏好的增加而增加;而当两种产品均有消费者单独购买且消费者退货成本较大时,企业的最优定价不但不会随消费者偏好的增加而提高,反而会随消费者偏好增加而减少。此外,本文给出了消费者策略性退货行为存在的临界条件,当消费者的退货成本高于这一临界条件时消费者的策略退货行为将消失。     

并行工程产品开发过程定量化建模与计划制订

由于现有的一些并行工程定量化模型中修改设计微循环的细节特征描述得还不够充分 ,本文提出了一种新的基于产品 -工艺设计活动对网络的定量化模型来描述并行工程产品开发过程 ,并且给出了产品 -工艺设计活动对平均持续时间与产品或工艺设计活动资源占用率的计算方法 .在此基础上 ,将并行工程产品开发过程的计划制订问题建模成一个有资源约束的项目调度问题 .与其它此类问题不同的是 ,在本文中 ,分配给产品开发项目的各类资源的数量不是事先给定的 ,而是与最优产品开发计划一起获得的 ,所以这是一个资源分配与计划制订的集成优化问题 .本文提出了一种新的基于分枝定界的算法来解决此问题并引入一个启发式规则来提高算法的搜索效率     

Taking Stock of Neighbourhood Planning in England 2011–2016

Neighbourhood planning (NP) as enabled by the 2011 Localism Act in England has precipitated a considerable literature discussing its potential, limitations and likely shortcomings referenced against government rhetoric and the reporting of initial experiences of the process. This paper provides an overview of the current literature on neighbourhood planning and sets out how it has been received and practised across England drawing on empirical evidence. The extent of take-up and the experience of those involved in the first five years of neighbourhood planning is used to consider how community-led planning may be designed and used following operational principles of inclusivity, capacity-building and adding value.     

体验型产品消费行为的羊群效应及机理研究——基于电影行业消费行为的实证解释

互联网环境下消费者购买体验型产品时对网络信息的依赖性很大。因此,研究社交媒体影响下体验型产品的消费者决策选择行为具有现实意义。本文以电影行业的票房偏离及消费跟风现象为切入点,探究体验型产品的羊群效应并对其产生的内在机理进行解释。采集艺恩资讯的票房数据以及豆瓣的电影基本信息及影评等数据作为研究样本,从消费者"羊群行为"视角分析其对电影票房的影响。研究发现：在控制了质量等内生性影响之后,消费者羊群效应依然存在;产品特征信息对羊群效应起到了调节作用,从而形成理性跟随;采用预期差异模型可以解释消费者实现理性跟随的过程。研究结论对于电影行业宏观政策制定及对体验型产品合理进行营销推广提供了理论基础与实证依据。     

Learning,signaling, and convincing: The role of experimentation in the business modeling process

This study examines experimentation in the business modeling process, unpacking three different roles of experimentation: learning, signaling, and convincing. Learning is an inherent role of experimentation, as managers typically experiment to engage with the environment and to obtain knowledge. This study uncovers another set of roles, which have a symbolic nature. These roles show that experimentation is not just a learning process, but also a strategic legitimation process, aimed at enacting the environment. Experimentation serves the purpose of signaling to potential customers and other stakeholders, and of convincing them to embrace the business model. Furthermore, this study shows that experimentation takes two forms—purposeful interactions and experimental projects—and that these forms can support the different roles of experimentation.