以言行事为核心的明示语用教学模式

随着语际语用学的发展,学术界对语用能力的可教性已达成了共识,但有关语用教学课堂模式的研究为数不多.本文借鉴国内外语用教学的研究成果,提出以言行事为核心的明示语用教学模式实践.教师在语用教学中,提供元语用信息,明确教授语用语言和社交语用知识;输入真实的语用材料,分析具体语境中的语言形式和功能契合;创设各种语用交际机会,提供及时的反馈并进行综合性语用测试.     

Gender Differences in Reactions to Viewing Pornographic Vignettes

Abstract

A dilemma in the current pornography literature is whether one can classify some types of pornography as “degrading” and then accurately gauge individuals' motivations and reactions. One feature commonly cited as the best example of such degradation is the “cum shot.” In the current study, 375 male and female undergraduate volunteers were shown one of four video tapes: the original/unaltered condition, one that omitted visual images of ejaculation, and two that had the soundtrack altered to accentuate either degradation or acceptance themes. After viewing, participants completed the Ratings of Sexual Arousal (Mosher, 1987), Rating of Enjoyment, and Ratings of Degradation and Acceptance scales. Results revealed that men reported greater sexual arousal and enjoyment to all the videos and rated them as both more accepting and less degrading; the degrading voice-over decreased sexual arousal and enjoyment; and sexual arousal and enjoyment were positively related to ratings of acceptance. These results imply that an individual's interpretation of pornography has a strong impact on their subjective reactions.     

Attitudes of Nursing Home Licensed Practical Nurses Toward Sexually Active,Older Residents

The participants were 87 Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) working in a nursing home for the elderly. Vignettes were used to elicit the LPNs' attitudes toward sexually active older nursing home residents. Each LPN was randomly assigned one of four versions of a vignette which either contained or excluded information about sexual activity in a 68-year-old male or female nursing home resident. Contrary to assumptions about widespread taboos for aged sexuality, the LPNs showed a statistically si-cant bias favoring the sexually active resident, regardless of whether the resident was a woman or man. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的影响机制研究

员工在工作场所从事非伦理行为具有多方面的原因,可能是有利于自己,也可能是为了报复或伤害组织和同事。根据这一逻辑,已有研究就职场排斥诱发的员工非伦理行为都是建立在利己动机的假设基础之上,而对于员工的利组织动机的非伦理行为研究不足。实际上,面对职场排斥,员工很可能采取积极的补救措施对人际关系进行主动修复,其中从事亲组织性质的非伦理行为就是一个重要的修复行为。基于道德自我调节理论和社会认同理论的视角,以道德推脱为中介变量,以组织认同为调节变量,检验职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的内在影响机理。采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 18.0进行多元线性回归和验证性因子分析,通过上下级配对调查的方式,收集来自武汉和上海5家企业的调研数据,并进行实证分析。研究结果表明,(1)职场排斥对员工的亲组织性非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;(2)道德推脱在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥完全中介作用;(3)组织认同在职场排斥与道德推脱的关系中发挥正向调节作用;(4)组织认同在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节效应。通过实证研究证实了理论界较为忽视的亲组织性非伦理行为,检验了员工亲组织性非伦理行为的发生机制和高度的组织认同的调节效应,证明员工在遭遇职场排斥时通过亲组织性非伦理行为来应对是一个重要的理性选择,组织认同度较高的员工在面对职场排斥时更容易发生道德推脱问题和亲组织性非伦理行为,验证了组织认同的"阴暗面"。研究结论为组织对员工非伦理行为的权变管理提供了有益的启示,提醒管理者警惕职场排斥的原因及其负面影响,并建立科学的组织制度,鼓励高组织认同的员工采取符合伦理规范的行为回报组织。     

The Effect of Implicit and Explicit Rules on Customer Greeting and Productivity in a Retail Organization

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of presenting organizational information through implicit and explicit rules on sales-related target behaviors in a retail setting. Results indicated that when organizational information was presented in a specific form, productivity was increased and maintained longer than when presented in other forms. The data provided by secret shoppers generally resembled the findings of the data collected in the experiment.     

西南联大学生智性生活寻绎

西南联大学生智性生活的丰盈从根本上来说源于学生炽热的救亡热情对求知热望的驱动,再加上联大教师所构建的探究性教学的理性触发与联大教师在同事的课堂上听课时所展现出来的求知热诚的感染,师生之间亲密关系的支撑,使得联大学生的智性生活在课堂上的精神畅享、自主的阅读空间中的沉迷、与教师进行的智性游谈、和同学展开的激烈论辩中,展现出丰富多彩、充满活力的风姿。学生如此丰盈的智性生活,不但在悄然间形成了自己独特的“智性趣味”,还养成了其难能可贵的爱智品格。联大学生在学生时代便具有的这些生命品性,成为其走上不倦的探索之路,不断开辟新的学术疆域的坚实基础。     

西周金文土地赏赐述论

本文将西周金文中涉及的土地赏赐资料进行全面梳理,对其中一些古文字的考释和古地名的考证提出自己观点。并认为这些资料与传世文献记载相吻合。     

试论提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重

我国居民财产性收入还有一个较大的提升空间,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,是防止财产性收入比重增加引起的收入差距进一步扩大的重要一环。为此政府和市场要互补长短,协同推进。     

论国家科技奖励推荐机制的完善思路

国家科技奖励推荐是开展国家科技奖励的前提与基础.目前国家科学技术奖励推荐工作还存在着一些不足,需要从以下几个方面来完善国家科学技术奖励推荐工作:逐步放宽推荐主体的资格、界定推荐主体的任务与职责、建立严格的申报抽查制度、明确推荐主体的失职后果、有重点有选择地增加推荐限额、完善推荐条件的具体规定.