Psychophysiological Reactivity in Child Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse has physiological and emotional implications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the neurobiological sequels of childhood sexual trauma by monitoring physiological variables among sexually abused girls and women compared to controls. We assessed posttrauma and traumatic life events of 35 females sexually abused in their childhood (age range 7–51 years) and 25 control females (age range 7–54 years). Electroencephalography, frontalis electromyography, electrodermal activity, and heart rate parameters were recorded while watching sets of pictures representing neutral and trauma-suggestive stimuli. A minority of participants met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Abused females displayed significant elevations in heart rate, electromyography, and electroencephalography while viewing allusive stimuli and elevated heart rate while viewing neutral stimuli. The dysfunctional regulation of the physiological stress system associated with child sexual abuse may endanger the victims with various stress and anxiety disorders.     

公务员责任实现机制探析

行政责任的履行和实现是一个制度化的责任规范过程,是对客观责任进行设置并加以监控的过程,也是取得公务员个人主观责任意识与责任认同并在此基础上作出主动行为选择的过程。行政责任的实现是依赖于一套完整的动力系统实现的,这个动力系统既包括公务员个体主观道德意识、职业价值观所决定的内在动力,也包括对行政责任实施管理和监控的制度所形成的外部动力,只有内部动力与外部动力达成统一和协调,行政责任才能得以有效实现。     

网络舆情评估EHA三维指标体系的构建

随着网络在我国的兴起和发展,网络舆情的评估已经成为评价和预警社会形势的重要指标.通过对现有舆情研究的调研和分析,得出由舆情要素、舆情热度和舆情活性3个一级指标、7个二级指标以及14个三级指标共同构建的网络舆情评估的EHA三维指标体系,并对各级指标给出了详尽的分析和阐述.     

The Tempo of Sexual Activity and Later Relationship Quality

Rapid sexual involvement may have adverse long‐term implications for relationship quality. This study examined the tempo of sexual intimacy and subsequent relationship quality in a sample of married and cohabiting men and women. Data come from the Marital and Relationship Survey, which provides information on nearly 600 low‐ to moderate‐income couples living with minor children. Over one third of respondents became sexually involved within the first month of the relationship. Bivariate results suggested that delaying sexual involvement was associated with higher relationship quality across several dimensions. The multivariate results indicated that the speed of entry into sexual relationships was negatively associated with marital quality, but only among women. The association between relationship tempo and relationship quality was largely driven by cohabitation. Cohabiting may result in poorer quality relationship because rapid sexual involvement early in the romantic relationship is associated with entrance into shared living.     

百合、枸杞对运动能力影响机制的探讨

从化学成分、生物活性、以及对运动能力的影响等多方丽对近年来百合与枸杞的研究和应用进行了论述,发现百合与枸杞同作为补益类植物资源,具有较高的药用价值和保健功能,在运动方面也有很好的抗疲劳、耐缺氧和抗氧化作用,能有效地延缓运动性疲劳,改善运动能力,在运动领域内具有广阔的应用前景。     

Workplace aggression against health care workers,law enforcement officials,and bus drivers: Differences in prevalence,perceptions, and psychological consequences

Investigations into workplace aggression (WPA) remain largely occupation specific, with few studies using a comparative approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the health care, law enforcement, and public transportation sectors with regards to the prevalence of different types of WPA, the perceptions of workers toward WPA, and the psychological consequences of such acts. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 1,774 workers in Canada. Multinomial regressions were utilized to address the objectives. Findings revealed that verbal abuse victimization was particularly common in bus drivers, witnessing death threats was most frequent among law enforcement officials, and witnessing all types of WPA was most common among health care workers. Although bus drivers did not normalize WPA, they feared complaining about violence to their employer and thought it useless to talk it about unless wounds were visible. Fear of complaining about violence to colleagues was prevalent in health care and law enforcement, both sectors in which WPA was normalized. Finally, flashbacks and irritability following WPA were most likely to affect bus drivers whereas health care workers experienced hypervigilance to a greater extent. Strategies to tailor primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention according to these distinctions are suggested to offer a better-informed response to WPA.     

Alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students: A longitudinal test of 2 explanatory models of health behavior

Objective: To help clarify the effect of gender on the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students. Participants: Five hundred twenty-four (52% female) college students recruited in August 2008 and 2009 and followed up in April 2009 and April 2011, respectively. Methods: Participants reported their alcohol use and strenuous physical activity on 2 occasions (baseline and follow-up) spaced approximately 1 or 2 years apart. Results: For females, alcohol use quantity at baseline was associated with increased strenuous physical activity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, and alcohol use frequency at baseline was associated with decreased strenuous physical activity at 2-year follow-up. For males, alcohol use frequency at baseline predicted decreased strenuous physical activity at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Gender differences may be explained from an eating disorders perspective such that women use physical activity as a compensatory strategy to combat potential weight gain from calories consumed during alcohol use.     

Evidence-Based Programs for Older Adults: A Disconnect Between U.S. National Strategy and Local Senior Center Implementation

While U.S. national policies have been developed to support evidence-based (EB) lifestyle programs for older adults, there has been limited research to determine the extent to which these programs actually reach local communities. This study sought to identify factors that impact the implementation of EB physical activity, nutrition, and chronic disease management programs at regional (Area Agencies on Aging [AAAs]) and community levels (senior Centers [SCs]). Interviews were conducted with directors of four AAAs and 12 SCs to understand their perspectives on EB program implementation. Narratives revealed differences between AAAs and SCs regarding knowledge about EB programs and reasons to promote and adopt these programs. The only agreement occurred when discussing concerns about funding and program inflexibility. Substantial gaps exist between how EB lifestyle programs are promoted and implemented at the regional and community levels.     

近代西方传教士在河北地区的医疗卫生活动

近代以来,西方传教士在河北地区开展了一些医疗卫生活动,如开办医院、诊疗所,进行巡回医疗、卫生防疫、兵灾救护等.传教士的医疗卫生活动在一定程度上改变了河北地区落后的医疗卫生状况,救治了大批病患,促使民众卫生观念开始发生转变,推动河北地区医疗卫生向近代化转型.但由于自身及社会历史原因,传教士开展的医疗卫生活动也带有一定局限性,制约了其医疗卫生功能的发挥.     

纳博科夫翻译观中翻译行为的限制性与创造性阐释

纳博科夫认为翻译的唯一目标是语言之间信息的准确转换,并强调译文必须与原文在内容、语言形式、句子结构等方面保持高度一致。纳氏在其英俄、俄英译著中,尤其是《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的英译作品中践行了逐字逐句直译的翻译准则。翻译行为的绝对忠实对译者而言是极其不易的,这既是翻译的限制性,也是翻译行为的根本问题。基于纳博科夫英俄文学翻译作品的文本材料,分析其翻译行为在词汇、音韵以及语法等方面的限制性。翻译行为的限制性与创造性这对二元对立因素,本不存在绝对的好与坏,但纳博科夫认为翻译行为不应带有译者的个人风格,亦不应是译者的创造性行为。纳博科夫肯定翻译限制性以及否定翻译创造性即是贯穿其翻译观的重要观点,纳氏的流亡背景以及"俄罗斯情节"则是其翻译观形成的根本原因。