影响大学生成才环境因素研究

大学生成才环境主要包括内环境与外环境。内环境是指与大学生的生理特点、意识与心理特征、学习动机及学习目的有关的因素。成才的外环境是指学习环境、社会环境、家庭环境、信息环境等。从影响大学生成才的内、外两个环境着眼,分析影响大学生成才过程的重要因素与内在规律,提出创造成才环境的途径与切入点。     

发达国家议会预算监督的制度化实践及对我国人大的启示

公共预算是政府的血液和民主政治的核心,随着公众预算民主意识的觉醒．肩负公众受托责任的人大如何确保行政预算向公众负责是我国当前预算民主治理面临的重大挑战之一。以回应纳税人预算民主诉求为起源的发达国家议会预算监督经过多年的发展已为这一问题的解决树立了典范,把民主责任作为制度设计的起点、在完政层面进行预算权的民主化配置和操作层面控制技术及辅助资源的提升是其主要特征。以发达国家预算监督制度折射出的民主责任逻辑反观我国目前的实践,理念的更新、预算权的均衡化配置、中期财政预算控制的加强、多元监督合力的发挥等制度要素对于增强人大预算监督责任尤为关键。     

‘Allowed into a Man's World’ Meanings of Work–Life Balance: Perspectives of Women Civil Engineers as ‘Minority’ Workers in Construction

This article discusses how women working as civil engineers within the UK construction industry perceive work–life balance and considers strategies they use to achieve this. The findings are presented of a qualitative research project that explored the experiences of women in this role, focusing on the subcultural context of a profession that is dominated by the values of presenteeism and infinite availability. A feminist post‐structuralist framework is used to analyse how women negotiate their personal and professional time and the extent to which their other roles as carers and nurturers unsettle male work practices in this highly gendered profession. There are gradually increasing numbers of women in professional construction roles and their success appears to depend on being able to fit in to the dominant masculine culture of long working hours and the male pub gathering. Despite an increased presence, women's minority status in construction continues to challenge their professional identity and this is central to the conflict many face between the dual roles of corporate worker and private non‐work person.     

The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work–life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland

Recent rapid economic growth in Ireland has been accompanied by a strong surge in the number of women in employment, and this has led to a significant increase in the proportion of dual‐earner families. These changes have brought the issue of reconciliation between work and care commitments to the fore. Flexible working arrangements in firms have been identified as one important means of balancing work and other commitments. In this article we investigate the relationship between four flexible working arrangements; flexitime, part‐time hours, working from home and job sharing, and two key employee outcomes; work pressure and work–life conflict, using data from the first national survey of employees in Ireland in 2003. Our results show that while part‐time work and flexitime tend to reduce work pressure and work–life conflict, working from home is associated with greater levels of both work pressure and work–life conflict. We conclude that it is important to distinguish between flexible working arrangements to discover their potential for reducing work pressure and work–life conflict.     

英、美、法三国行政诉讼外部调整机制比较

英美法系的典型代表国家英美两国与大陆法系的典型代表国家法国,在寻求和实现公平与效率的价值平衡方面殊途回归。原因在于三国各自逐渐建立起了一套有效平衡行政诉讼价值的调整机制。面对二战后行政扩张及与其相伴的行政纠纷的增加,英、美、法三国形成了包括行政机关自身的机制调整、立法机关的机制调整、非国家机关的监督机制调整等的外部调整机制。     

风险社会视域中的城乡人力资源管理战略选择

文章从风险社会的视角,综合近年城乡人力资源“需求——供给”状况,剖析了农村人力资源盲目流向城市引发城市失业加剧、城乡发展失衡、城乡贫富分化的社会风险与危机。基于规避风险化解危机,文章认为应强化政府在城乡人力资源管理中的主导作用,适度调控农村人力资源流向城市的规模,建立城乡人力资源统筹战略。     

论当前我国制度供给现状及制度变迁方式的转换

制度变迁方式的不同,制度结构也就会有差别。需求诱致制度变迁的长期使用可能会出现核心制度缺失而导致制度供给陷阱,强制性制度变迁也可能因为供给与需求出现错位,导致严重的制度结构不均衡,这就对研究制度变迁方式及其运用规律提出了要求。本文通过对典型的需求诱致制度变迁———农业经济体制改革和典型的强制性制度变迁———国有企业制度改革进行实证分析,表明了制度变迁方式的交替使用能够较好地避免制度供给跌入陷阱,而且制度变迁的及时转换还能够有效地实现新的制度均衡。     

论限制解雇原则下的劳动关系双方利益平衡

我国的劳动合同法第四十条对于解雇保护采取法定事由说,而劳动部此前的执法解释又压缩了＂劳动合同已经不能继续履行＂的语义空间,这就使得劳动法中的倾斜保护思想偏向于极端,对用人单位过于苛刻。同时第四十八条对违法解雇情况下劳动者要求继续履行劳动合同的权利做了较为刚性的保护,使得劳动合同单方解除制度进一步失衡。长期看应当建立一套以＂正当事由说＂为基础的解雇限制制度;短期则可以通过加强司法解释以及赋予司法部门更多自由裁量权的方式消除立法不科学的消极后果。     

论民主政治的程序化

民主政治的理性就在于程序的理性。当今中国,不仅要把民主政治制度化,以树立民主政治的权威地位,而且应当努力使民主政治程序化,使民主政治特别是行政民主和党内民主的各项制度得到真正落实,加强社会主义民主政治建设,实现民主政治的制度化、规范化、程序化的统一。     

教育公平的基本内涵及实现路径

为促进社会流动的公平性,基于经济学和社会学的相关理论分析教育的三个基本属性(准公共产品性、外部性和第三部门属性)及教育公平的基本内涵;进而从义务教育和高等教育两个方面剖析教育的不公平现象及其根源。在此基础上提出教育公平的实现路径:政府应当对教育资源进行合理配置,向义务教育倾斜,向薄弱学校和弱势地区倾斜;可以通过选择教育券制度实现教育公平。