基于指标体系违约鉴别能力最大的小企业债信评级体系及实证

债信评级是通过评级体系确定债务违约的可能性大小。根据单个指标违约鉴别能力大小的遴选来建立评级指标体系看上去似乎是一个不错的选择,但事实并非如此。因为用违约鉴别能力强的单个指标组成的一组指标,其指标体系的违约鉴别能力却不一定强。本研究基于一组指标构成的指标体系的违约鉴别能力最大标准,构建了小企业债信评级体系。创新与特色:一是通过将单个违约鉴别力最强的指标组成的指标体系的b值,与本文建立的整体违约鉴别力最大的指标体系的b值对比,证明了单个违约鉴别力强的指标,组合起来的体系违约鉴别力不一定也强。在构建债信评级指标体系时,应关注指标体系整体的违约鉴别力,而非单个指标的违约鉴别力。二是在由n和n-1个指标构成的两组指标中,根据两组指标体系的非违约客户的综合得分S_i越高,则S_i偏离非违约状态(y_i=0)的距离越大;违约客户的综合得分S_i越低,S_i偏离违约状态(y_i=1)的距离越大;则布莱尔分数b越大,指标体系鉴别力越强的思路来遴选违约鉴别能力最大、而不是单个指标违约鉴...     

基于混合蚁群算法的生产系统设施规划问题研究

设施规划问题主要研究生产设备的布局规划,从而减小厂区内的物料搬运成本。一个有效的设施规划有利于生产过程中整体运作效率的提高。随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,市场环境处于不断的变化之中,制造企业需不断对设施布局进行重新规划来适应不断变化的市场环境对产品需求量的影响,并达到降低成本的目的。这一问题便需要用多阶段设施规划（MFLP）的方法来解决。本文提出了一种改进的混和蚁群算法（HACO）来解决带有财务预算约束的多阶段设施规划问题,并将此方法与其他一些典型的启发式算法进行了对比分析。结果表明,本文提出的HACO算法是求解带有财务预算约束的MFLP问题的一种有效的方法。     

临界流文丘里喷嘴标定流量装置的研究

本文对ＩＳＯ９３００－１９９０标准中没有作出规定的一些重要内容，诸如用临界流文丘里喷嘴标定气体流量计装置中的气源问题和总体布置问题进行理论分析和试验验证．结果表明，在临界流文丘里喷嘴标定气体流量计装置中，采用高压离心式通风机作为气源以取代目前惯用的真空泵装置是切实可行的．所研制的标定装置精度高、总体布置合理，对今后该类标定装置的发展具有指导意义．     

基础设施降低了农业生产成本吗？——基于分位数回归方法

基于公共产品模型和成本函数理论,建立最优化条件下的农业生产成本函数模型,以劳动力、固定资本、化肥投入作为农业生产成本的主要组成部分,运用分位数回归方法分析灌溉设施、等外公路对1995-2011年我国省际农业生产成本的影响。结果表明:灌溉设施和等外公路的建设对我国农业生产成本有正向促进作用,农业生产成本对灌溉设施、等外公路的弹性系数均为正;随着农业生产成本的增加,灌溉设施的影响呈增长趋势,而等外公路的影响先增后减。     

European Union Policy on Older Adult Learning: A Critical Commentary

Recently, some researchers have argued that high state rates of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Online Survey, Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) nursing facility deficiencies indicate stringent enforcement, leaving the impression of better-quality care soon to follow; others maintain that the rank ordering of states' quality of nursing facility care remains fairly constant, resting on deep-seated state characteristics that change slowly, so that short-term improvement in poor-quality care is unlikely. The authors examine change in the process and outcome quality of states' Medicare nursing facility long-term care programs across 1999 to 2005, using linear and two-stage least squares regression. They find that (1) nationally, process quality generally falls across this period while outcome quality generally increases; (2) neither a prominent enforcement stringency index nor state culture, a relatively stable state characteristic, exerts much influence on state process and outcome quality scores over time, but (3) the relative costs and benefits for CMS compliance appear to contribute to explaining change in states' quality of resident outcomes over time; and (4) states' process quality is much less stable than outcome quality, and outcome indices distinct from OSCAR deficiency data provide more reliable and possibly more valid measures of care quality.     

Comparing States' Medicaid Nursing Facilities and Home and Community-Based Services Long-Term Care Programs: Quality and Fit with Inclination,Capacity, and Need

States employ home and community-based services (HCBS) increasingly in Medicaid support of long-term care and rely less on nursing facilities. We examine how states' nursing facilities and HCBS programs compare and whether states' long-term care responses match their ideological inclination toward, material capacity for supporting, and their citizens' need for these public social programs. We use cross-sectional panel data on structural, process, and outcome quality for nursing facilities and HCBS congregate residential programs. We rank states, correlate these measures, and use regression to link inclination, capacity, and need to quality. We find that states' nursing facility and HCBS program quality are not closely related and that state HCBS congregate residential program quality is independent of inclination, capacity, and need. This latter result underscores a need for uniform HCBS standards and better data on quality.     

Nursing Home Social Services Directors Who Report Thriving at Work

Nationally representative data from a sample (n?=?928) of full-time nursing home social services directors were used to investigate whether knowing characteristics of the social environment at work can help to explain which directors report job thriving. Two-thirds of directors reported they were thriving in their jobs. Multiple regression results show that thriving is increased by job autonomy, being treated like an important part of the team, having enough time to identify and meet resident psychosocial needs, not having to do things that others could do, and being clear what the social services role is. Findings suggest that addressing these aspects of the social environment and social services role will likely contribute to increasing a sense of thriving at work among social services staff members.     

Common Factors That Enhance the Quality of Life for Women Living in Their Own Homes or in Aged Care Facilities

A qualitative study of older women living in their own homes and older women living in aged care facilities found that the concerns of the women living in their own homes were the realities of life for the residents in the aged care facilities. Twenty-five female residents across two facilities and 11 older women living in their own homes were interviewed. The positive outcomes of aging at home are relevant and desirable for residents of aged care facilities. A smooth transition from community living to residential aged care involves retaining some of these positive aspects of their lives.     

Approximation algorithms for connected facility location problems

We study Connected Facility Location problems. We are given a connected graph G=(V,E) with nonnegative edge cost c _e for each edge e∈E, a set of clients D⊆V such that each client j∈D has positive demand d _j and a set of facilities F⊆V each has nonnegative opening cost f _i and capacity to serve all client demands. The objective is to open a subset of facilities, say , to assign each client j∈D to exactly one open facility i(j) and to connect all open facilities by a Steiner tree T such that the cost is minimized for a given input parameter M≥1. We propose a LP-rounding based 8.29 approximation algorithm which improves the previous bound 8.55 (Swamy and Kumar in Algorithmica, 40:245–269, 2004). We also consider the problem when opening cost of all facilities are equal. In this case we give a 7.0 approximation algorithm.     

郑州市城市社区体育设施资源配置研究

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,在了解郑州市城市社区体育设施配置现状的基础之上,探析郑州市城市社区体育设施配置不足的原因及对策.问题:缺少规划,法规的可操作性不强,开发商和居民意识和观念的滞后,以及经济发展状况的制约等是阻碍郑州市城市社区体育发展的因素.对策:将社区体育设施规划建设纳入城市总体发展规划;确保居民区体育设施的利用率;树立典型,推广"健康房产"模式;社区的改造应有体育行政部门参加意见,对新旧社区的规划应有区剐,并建立可持续发展的城市社区体育.