改革藏书组织流程 强化图书内阅服务

在高校图书馆中开放时间最长的一个部门就是参考书阅览室,如何利用好这块阵地,搞好藏书质量,提高图书利用率,是一个有现实意义的课题.本文对作者所在馆的参考书阅览室现状与管理作了深入的调查,提出了新书改流和搞好藏书建设的方案,阐述了新书改流的意义与益处,针对存在的问题找到了解决的对策与切实可行的办法,对进一步做好高校图书馆参考书阅览室的工作有一定的启迪作用.     

近年《二十四诗品》真伪讨论综述

《二十四诗品》一般认为是晚唐司空图所撰,近年来其真伪问题引起学界热烈讨论,争论的焦点主要集中在对有关《诗品》文献的辨析、《诗品》的版本源流、司空图与《诗品》诗学思想的异同这三个方面,由《诗品》真伪的讨论还引起对相关问题的关注,如对古籍版本的重视,对《诗家一指》的研究等。本文综述了这场讨论中正反两方的意见,以见这场讨论的概况和意义。     

高校图书馆与大学生读者借阅中的法律关系

高校图书馆与大学生读者的关系是平等的契约关系,受《合同法》调整。高校图书馆与读者之间是服务与接受服务的关系,而不再是管理与被管理的关系。读者须知,图书借阅规则等属于一种格式条款,其内容往往缺乏公平合理性,需要加强规制,从而切实维护高校图书馆与大学生读者双方的合法权益。     

Applications of Bayesian analysis to proof‐of‐concept trial planning and decision making

Decision making is a critical component of a new drug development process. Based on results from an early clinical trial such as a proof of concept trial, the sponsor can decide whether to continue, stop, or defer the development of the drug. To simplify and harmonize the decision‐making process, decision criteria have been proposed in the literature. One of them is to exam the location of a confidence bar relative to the target value and lower reference value of the treatment effect. In this research, we modify an existing approach by moving some of the “stop” decision to “consider” decision so that the chance of directly terminating the development of a potentially valuable drug can be reduced. As Bayesian analysis has certain flexibilities and can borrow historical information through an inferential prior, we apply the Bayesian analysis to the trial planning and decision making. Via a design prior, we can also calculate the probabilities of various decision outcomes in relationship with the sample size and the other parameters to help the study design. An example and a series of computations are used to illustrate the applications, assess the operating characteristics, and compare the performances of different approaches.     

On the confusion matrix in credit scoring and its analytical properties

Abstract

Confusion Matrix is an important measure to evaluate the accuracy of credit scoring models. However, the literature about Confusion Matrix is limited. The analytical properties of Confusion Matrix are ignored. Moreover, the concept of Confusion Matrix is confusing. In this article, we systematically study Confusion Matrix and its analytical properties. We enumerate 16 possible variants of Confusion Matrix and show that only 8 are reasonable. We study the relationship between Confusion Matrix and 2 other performance measures: the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic (KS). We show that an optimal cutoff score can be attained by KS.     

心理理论的发展:回顾与展望

该文阐述了过去和现在心理理论的发展的简短历史。涉及婴儿和儿童知道心理状态的多样性 ,可能的和推论的心理知识 ,以及这些知识在个体、文化和灵长类动物方面的相似点和差异 ,并对这方面研究的未来做了一定的推测和思考     

对联与意境

对联作为汉语言独特的文学样式,是汉语文教育的重要资源.本文拟从对联意境的分析着手,利用"意象的和弦"、"假平行"等原理对意境的生成进行探讨,说明对联对拓展思维空间,激发想象力的积极作用.     

防范电算化会计信息失真的中美法规比较

为防范会计电算化与信息化导致的会计信息失真风险,要建立相应的法规.该文简要归纳了中美两国防范电算化会计信息失真的法规体系,通过两者的比较并分析差异的原因,提出改进我国防范电箅化信息失真的法规体系的建议.     

对“劳务租赁”用工制度的法律探讨

劳务租赁为近几年在国内新兴的一种用工制度,劳动关系较为复杂.通过对劳动关系与劳务关系的法律性质比较分析认为,劳动力不应成为租赁的对象,用工单位与被派遣的劳动者之间应属于劳动法律关系,应对这种用人单位以规避法定义务、损害劳动者合法权益的用工行为予以禁止.     

Evaluation of False Positive and False Negative Outcomes in NTP Long-Term Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies

The decision-making process used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in its evaluation of long-term rodent carcinogenicity studies was investigated to determine whether or not this procedure resulted in an excessive number of false positive or false negative outcomes. All site-specific tumor incidences that were found to be significantly ( p < 0.05) increased either by a trend test or by pairwise comparisons of each dosed group against the controls in 218 NTP 2-year studies with Fischer 344 rats and/or B6C3F1 mice were tabulated and compared to the number of statistically significant tumor increases expected to occur by chance. Our evaluation suggests that false positive rates are fairly low in NTP long-term studies. Assessing false negative rates is more difficult because of the limited sensitivity of the bioassay for detecting subtle carcinogenic effects. Moreover, reduced body weights frequently occur in dosed animals, and the positive correlation between the incidences of certain site-specific tumors and body weight may mask the detection of carcinogenic effects. Despite these difficulties, our analysis did identify one tumor showing evidence of false negative outcomes: interstitial cell tumors of the testis in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. This tumor showed considerably more significant ( p > 0.05) increased incidences than expected by chance, yet none were considered to be chemically-related. However, the biological significance of interstitial cell tumor increases in F344 rats is uncertain because of the high background rate of neoplasia (>90%) for this target site.