Child Welfare in the United States: Policy, Practice and Innovations in Service Delivery

Child welfare in the United States is characterized by numerous and complex problems. By reviewing child welfare policy and trends in the United States, this article aims to stimulate discussion about innovative approaches that could allow child welfare professionals, both in the US and internationally, to better meet the needs of children and families.     

大学生创业意向影响因素研究——基于武汉高校的调研分析

对武汉市8所高校1 600名在校大学生的调查表明:大学生创业最突出的动机是自我实现;大学生普遍认为学校教育对其创业意向有影响,而他们对学校的创业教育并不满意;大学生创业最需要的是资金和知识技能支持,而创业者本身最需要的素质是自信、有创造力和团队合作精神等。进一步的分析表明,自身主客观条件、家庭背景、外部环境都对大学生创业意向有显著的影响:女生总体创业意向低于男生;学校、专业、年级、籍贯对大学生创业意向有显著影响,而学历无显著影响;就业压力越大,大学生创业意向越强;家庭背景对大学生创业意向有显著影响,而对机遇的认识无显著影响。     

SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS

No abstract available for this article.     

谢氏家族的庄园经济生活与谢灵运的山水诗

刘宋世家大族杰出作家谢灵运之所以在山水文学创作中取得如此突出成就,是因为其家族的庄园经济生活状况对其文学创作产生了重要影响。谢氏家族富足奢华的庄园经济生活催生了谢灵运的山水诗,并影响其山水诗的创作题材、情感状态、精神境界和审美取向等方面。     

Experiences of Custody Evaluation: Perspectives of Young Adults Who Were the Subject of Family Court Proceedings as Children

ABSTRACT

Court-ordered custody evaluations are conducted primarily to assist courts in making decisions regarding the best interests of children in the context of parental disputes over custody and access. They also represent the most common means through which children's wishes in relation to custody and access are presented as evidence. This article reports on a qualitative research study of young adults' recollections of participating in custody evaluations ordered by the Family Court of Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 young adults, aged 18 to 26. Two major areas of inquiry are addressed in this article: (1) participants' recollections of interviews conducted by social workers and psychologists for the purpose of custody evaluation, and (2) their suggestions for ways in which professionals working with children in this context might make the process easier for children. Taken together, their experiences point to some useful principles for practice in this field.     

The Relationship Between Family Mealtime Interactions and Eating Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review

During childhood and adolescence, family meal frequency has been found to have an inverse relationship with disordered eating behaviour. Also, family interactional patterns differ in families where there is a child with and without an eating disorder. This paper examines the relationship between family mealtime interactions during childhood and adolescence and eating disorder behaviour through a systematic review of the literature. The method was an asystematic electronic search of PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Knowledge undertaken in April 2012. Ten studies demonstrated a significant relationship between family mealtime interactions and disordered eating behaviour. Families where there is a child with an eating disorder display less positive interactions during mealtimes. While the findings can be linked to family based treatment for anorexia nervosa there is a need for prospective research in this area.     

Response transformations in repeated measures and growth curve models

This article describes estimation and inference procedures for the parameters of the Box-Cox and foided-power transformations in repeated measures and growth curve models. Procedures for computing maximum likelihood estimates of the transformation and covariance parameters under several covanance structures (omnibus sphericity, local sphericity, and unstructured) are described. Lack of fit statistics and hypothesis tests for comparing these structures also are described. The procedures are illustrated on three data sets. Software for performing the analyses in the SAS System is described and is available from the authors.     

孙吴统治者之文化特征及其与儒学士大夫之政治关系

孙吴统治者出身寒微,与儒学士大夫阶层的文化背景不同,表现出轻视儒学、不守礼制、崇尚巫术、喜好驰猎游戏等,在婚姻上则重色轻德。在政治上,孙吴统治者与江东士族屡有冲突。孙权立国后,出于维护统治的需要,虽对江东大族施以笼络,但政治观念的冲突与斗争不断激化。对于留寓江东的士大夫群体,孙氏有所扶持,以作为对抗本土士族的工具。但相同的文化背景与长期的交往,造成了孙吴两大地域士人群体的逐渐融合。     

Policymakers' Use of Social Science Research: Looking Within and Across Policy Actors

Evidence‐informed policy creates the conditions for families to perform the functions they provide for their members and society. To increase research utilization in policymaking, we must better understand policymakers and the professional and institutional cultures in which they operate. This exploratory cluster analysis examined within‐group differences in valuing, seeking, and use of social science research among 68 legislative staffers and 56 high‐ranking officials from 8 family‐serving executive agencies in Wisconsin. The findings are compared with a parallel study of 109 legislators from New York and Wisconsin. Among all 3 policy actors, a substantial proportion highly value research, actively seek it, and frequently use it in policy decisions; these Enthusiastic High Users of research are more attuned to political considerations compared to other clusters. Enthusiastic High Users in the legislative institution place a higher priority on innovative and action‐oriented research, whereas those in the agency institution prioritize the quality of research.