Examining cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families

Each state has the power to establish its own policy and laws relating to child custody determination. The number of single-parent families with children that are headed by fathers has been growing in the United States. This paper explores the extent of cross-state variation in the prevalence in father-only families in 1990, and the extent to which there was cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families in the 1980s. The 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the US decennial censuses are used. Decomposition analyses of growth indicate that increases in the number of father-only families occurred across all states during this period, but at varying rates. The primary reason for the increase in most states is an increase in the proportion of ever-married single-parent families that are headed by a father. It is for these families that are headed by divorced or separated parents that state policy relating to child custody determination is most relevant.     

欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化探析

公共性是政府的根本属性,它决定了政府必须将公共利益作为政府行为的首要原则,确保公共利益得到切实维护和实现。然而,由于各种主客观原因,目前欠发达地区政府行为表现出了利益化、法外化、低效化的不良特征,导致政府行为公共性弱化。本文讨论了欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的现实原因,并提出了规避欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的路径选择。     

A new heteroscedastic regression to analyze mass loss of wood in civil construction in Brazil

A heteroscedastic regression based on the odd log-logistic Marshall–Olkin normal (OLLMON) distribution is defined by extending previous models. Some structural properties of this distribution are presented. The estimation of the parameters is addressed by maximum likelihood. For different parameter settings, sample sizes and some scenarios, various simulations investigate the performance of the heteroscedastic OLLMON regression. We use residual analysis to detect influential observations and to check the model assumptions. The new regression explains the mass loss of different wood species in civil construction in Brazil.     

早期大生纱厂内部治理结构的发展及其特征研究

1895年,张謇在南通创设了中国近代有开拓意义的民族企业——大生纱厂。在大生纱厂早期,其内部的管理体制经历了从典型的集权性运营机制到建立起以股东大会、董事会、查帐员为基本特征的三权分立的公司内部治理结构的发展过程。但大生纱厂内部治理始终表现出很强的时代特征,即体现为张謇个人在企业内部的集权特性。这种集权性也是中国近代民族企业早期发展过程中的一个基本特点。     

从政府单一管理到综合治理——我国人口发展治理体系建设的政策分析

政府单一管理的传统计划生育管理体制已经不适应当今现实。根据社会治理理论,人口发展治理体系建设需要转换政府职能;缩小政府管制范围,扩大市场机制的应用范围和强度;激励公众参与,建立社会制衡机制。在具体的建设当中要注意处理好四对关系。     

家庭托育点管理实践及启示：政策工具的视角

家庭托育点的规范化对婴幼儿健康成长至关重要。通过文献收集和访谈获得既往管理举措和当前试点政策,运用政策工具进行分析和总结,探究管理家庭托育点的背景、对象和措施。结果表明：家庭托育点因经济优势而被纳入管理,现有征求意见稿管理对象偏向小规模邻托,但试点和市场偏向较大收托规模;消防审查依托既有消防验收,师资准入要求偏低,质量监管依靠政府。管理建议：应根据收托规模区分小型和大型家庭托育点开展试点;完善三方协同的管理架构,设定专门空间环境要求,提高师资准入要求,建立综合质量监管。     

新媒体语境下大学生体育行为的现状、特征及其提升路径

新媒体迅速发展增加了体育信息传播的途径和范围。为探究新媒体语境下信息时代的体育传播对大学生体育行为的影响,本文对重庆市4所高校的大学生参与体育活动形式、获取传媒信息的渠道以及体育行为需求等情况进行调查,通过文献资料整理、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对新媒体语境下信息传播对重庆市大学生体育理念和行为、特征等问题进行研究,为大学生形成科学合理的锻炼方式、养成良好的体育行为等提供参考,为新媒体信息在新时代高校体育工作的应用提供理论依据。     

互联网金融风险与政府治理机制转型

目的/意义人工智能的飞速发展,一方面为政府治理提供了新的途径,但同时也带来了极大的挑战。因此,在人工智能背景下,如何优化政府智能决策模型、提高政府决策的效率和科学性就显得尤为重要。设计/方法从政府治理中智能决策的相关理论入手,对影响政府智能决策的内部因素和外部因素展开了研究,探讨了融合多源信息进行政府智能决策的问题。结论/发现构建了基于政府内外部信息的多源信息融合模型和政府智能决策系统,为智能化政务办公的发展提供强有力支撑。     

风险投资公司激励约束机制的博弈分析

目的/意义受托管理机构的寻租行为会导致政府创业投资引导基金的投资运作偏离预定的政策性目标,完善对受托管理机构的激励监督机制, 防范道德风险的发生,对于确保引导基金投资运作的合规性具有重要意义。设计/方法引入监督成本和惩罚函数,并将其植入Holmstrom-Milgrom线性契约激励模型,构建了一个针对受托管理机构寻租行为的激励监督模型。结论/发现最优激励水平和监督力度一方面受政府与引导基金自身特点的影响,包括政府的监督成本、惩罚力度和引导基金所处市场环境的不确定性,另一方面也与受托管理机构的履约成本、寻租成本和风险偏好有关。政府应在综合考虑这些参数的影响的基础上制定激励监督策略。进一步地分析发现,单独采用激励或监督策略并不能取得最优的治理效果,只有将两种策略结合起来才能更有效地减少寻租行为,降低委托代理成本,实现政府收益的最大化。     

Preschoolers' Attachment to Mother and Risk for Adjustment Problems in Kindergarten: Can Teachers Make a Difference?

Based on attachment theory, two aims were addressed. Firstly, we tested whether close teacher–child relationships may buffer children who are less securely attached to their mothers against negative outcomes, such as aggressive behavior. Secondly, our study evaluated whether teacher sensitivity may protect less securely attached children against forming less close relationships with their teachers. In a sample of 127 children, mother–child attachment was observed in preschool. In kindergarten, teacher sensitivity was observed, and teacher–child closeness and child aggressive behavior were rated by the teacher. Results of multilevel hierarchical regression analyses first showed that with high teacher–child closeness, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for more aggressive behavior. Secondly, it was found that with high teacher sensitivity, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for developing less close relationships with their teachers.