城乡基本养老保险对老年人主观福利的影响研究——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

该文基于2018年、2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用Ordered probit、Ordered logit模型实证分析了城乡基本养老保险对老年人主观福利的影响,研究结果表明,参加城乡基本养老保险对提升老年人主观福利水平有显著的正向影响,并通过异质性分析得出,对年龄在80岁以下、自评健康较低、西部地区、子女数目在两个及以下、无配偶、收入较低的群体影响尤为显著。文章采用倾向得分匹配法和改变变量的方法验证了研究结果的稳健性。基于该文研究结果,建议政府持续推进城乡基本养老保险政策的实施和动态性调整,加大对弱势群体、西部地区的关注度和支持度,促进养老产业的良性发展,加强精神文明建设和医疗建设,深入探索医养结合的养老模式,全面提升老年人的主观福利。     

师范院校开设公共美术课的几点思考

师范院校在非专业学生中开设公共美术课,是提高学生美术审美力,丰富学生知识面的重要环节。本文将针对师范院校开设公共美术课的情况,提出了一些思考和建议,希望能对教学工作有所帮助。     

羌族人的生态价值观

羌族生活在中国西部高原山区,这一方水土以它的出产,养育着这一方人,也磨砺出羌族人勤劳、坚韧、勇敢的品质,形成了羌族人自己的自然观和适应方式。他们在其文化发展过程中始终保持着对自然的观察了解与感恩敬拜,也对人的行为和能力保持着警惕反思与规范限制。他们的自然观和行为规范于今天寻求可持续发展的社会有着宝贵的借鉴价值。     

Poverty alleviation,coverage and fiscal sustainability: Investigating the effect of a new social pension in Hong Kong

This article synthesises the characteristics of social pensions across Asia and evaluates the effect of a new social pension in the Hong Kong SAR, the Old Age Living Allowance (OALA), on poverty alleviation, coverage rates and fiscal sustainability. We found that the effectiveness of the OALA in reducing old‐age poverty was limited, although it has led to an increase of retirement pension coverage by 6%. The OALA is projected to face substantial cost increases in the medium and longer term. Increasing the level of OALA benefits would be a direct means to enhance its poverty alleviation effect but may potentially be hampered by concerns about the fiscal sustainability of such changes. More obfuscated alternatives for Hong Kong policy makers to affect old‐age poverty alleviation include adjusting the indexing rules of benefit level payments and the eligibility criteria to reduce the stigma attached to the current policy choices.     

The experiences of carers in using shared activities to communicate with looked‐after young people about alcohol,tobacco, and drug use

Parental conversations with their teenage children about alcohol, tobacco, and drugs are associated with lower rates of use. Looked‐after young people are at greater risk of early initiation, higher rates of use, and more problematic use. However, there is no evidence regarding whether these conversations occur in settings where the parental role is assumed by someone other than the biological parent. The aim of the study was to examine how carers communicate with looked‐after young people about alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 residential care staff and foster carers in Scotland. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Participants talked about “shared doing” as a way of building relationships and communicating about substance use. Shared doing encompassed particular activities that carers and young people would do together, such as driving in the car, cooking, watching TV, and going for a walk. Shared doing provided an opportunity to spend time together and to create an environment in which communication could be facilitated. These environments were shaped by space, time, and context. Carers should be encouraged to take advantage of the time‐limited occasions they are with young people to have conversations about substance use.     

韩国残疾人社会服务现状及进展

韩国残疾人总数约为251万,他们既享有普惠性社会保障政策,也享有残疾人特惠性社会保障政策。特惠性社会保障政策由经济支持、医疗支持、教育支持、就业支持和社会服务提供等政策构成。残疾人社会服务宏观层面主要考察服务制度,包括住宅机构、社区康复机构、职业康复机构、凭单制度等,虽然服务制度从20世纪的保护模式中心漸变为自立生活与残疾人为中心模式,但保护模式、社区培训模式和以残疾人为中心模式共存。     

Working‐age people with disability and labour force participation: Geographic variations in Australia

To examine geographic variation in labour force participation rate (LFPR) of working‐age people with disability in Australia and associated factors. This study uses Australian Census 2016 data at Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and engages multiple linear regression to explore the relationship between the dependent variable,= LFPR of people with disability, and diverse independent variables that reflect collective characteristics of people with disability and their non‐disabled peers within SA2. While LFPRs for people with disability varied greatly by SA2, people with disability had considerably lower LFPR than their non‐disabled peers in all areas. The LFPRs tended to be higher in SA2s with higher percentages of people with disability who had completed year 12 or gained post‐school education, with higher household income, and where a higher proportion of people with disability mainly spoke English at home. These results indicate that where people live matters. Geographic variation in LFPR for people with disability is associated with geographic variation in their educational attainment and other social and community characteristics of the areas in which they live. This study contributes towards gaining a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of the factors that influence LFPR of people with disability in relation to their local community environment.     

从民生问题论社会公平及实现

民生是涉及人们生存和发展的两大问题,而公平的实质即利益分配问题,人民大众对民生的满意度如何是与一个社会的公正度密切相关。在改革给国家和人民带来利益和好处的同时,也带来了日益凸显的社会问题和矛盾。特别是在就业、教育、收入分配等关系人民群众切身利益方面的矛盾更加突出,人们的不满意度较高,其核心是社会不公。实现社会公平,则要坚持以人为本、加强制度建设、加强对权力的监督、大力发展经济,如此社会公正才能最大限度地得到保障和实现。     

完善我国农村医疗救助制度的思考

贫困人口医疗救助制度是我国农村医疗保障制度的组成部分,有必要对我国农村贫困人口实施医疗救助制度,要正确处理好农村贫困人口医疗救助制度与新型农村合作医疗制度的关系。福利经济学、凯恩斯经济理论和剑桥学派的社会救助思想是我国农村医疗救助制度的理论基础。我国农村贫困人口医疗救助制度处于初级发展阶段,需要确立政府在医疗救助中的主体地位,扩大农村大病医疗救助的范围,建立社会救助机构和基金,完善医疗救助政策法规体系。     

Transport-related social exclusion amongst older people in rural Southwest England and Wales

Rural dwelling and older age are both associated with a higher risk of social exclusion, with accessibility identified as having an important facilitating role. The interactions between transport-related exclusion and older age, particularly in a rural context, are considered though analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected from over 900 older persons living in rural areas of Southwest England and Wales. Although few respondents reported feeling excluded within their communities, more reported difficulties in accessing specific necessary and discretionary activities, including specialist hospitals and cinemas. Analysis revealed that car availability is not a strong indicator of overall inclusion, although non-availability was important in limiting access to particular types of location. It is concluded that the relatively short travel distances required to access community activities was a key factor in the high levels of community inclusion. However, the car-dependent nature of travel overall means that there is a rising risk of mobility-related exclusion in rural areas, particularly amongst the oldest old. Greater consideration needs to be given to more formalised lift-giving as a transport solution, along with greater attention to mobility needs by sector-specific service providers, such as the health sector.