略论《桃花扇》中对儒家士大夫的批判

作为孔子的后代,深谙儒家之道的孔尚任在他的名著《桃花扇》中,对作为儒家代表的士大夫阶层,虽然也隐微地寄予了自己救国救民的期望,但更多的则是对他们或祸国殃民,或无能救国的批判,而赞扬了被孔子认为“难养”的“女子与小人”的侠肝义胆,有勇有谋,并在他们身上寄托了未来的希望。这不能不说是对儒家政治观的一大发展。     

Authenticity as a form of worth

Scholarly engagement with authenticity has been revitalized by recent efforts to theorize the value-ladenness of authenticity claims. Yet, these approaches are restricted by the lack of available conceptual tools necessary to explain variations in the meaning of authenticity between different cultural forms and social groups. In this paper, I draw from Boltanski and Thevenot’s pragmatic hermeneutics to develop an approach to authenticity in popular culture that conceptualizes it as a form of worth. I apply this new model to an analysis of the meanings of authenticity found in the discourse of fans of indie music and country music. I find that in the indie genre, authenticity involves an inspirational form of worth; in the country genre, it involves a domestic form of worth. I trace these differences back to the matched relationship between the primary groups of fans of each genre and the genres themselves that led both sides to find an interest in these types of authenticity. I conclude by sketching the relevance of this approach for explaining overarching concerns for authenticity in late modern societies.     

Everyday Life,Everyday Death

In this article I note limits of cultural activism in third-wave feminism, demonstrating that this activism often relies on a music scene that neglects intersections of race and gender. I offer the space of the online fansite as an alternative site for analysis, describing it as a site for everyday activism and consumer activism. Specifically, I explore the online fansite of the HBO show Six Feet Under, describing how fans treat subjects of gender and race in the show and in their everyday lives. Although fans discuss race and gender in limited ways in their explorations of the show and their daily lives, when they discuss the subject of death, they more productively address intersections of both race and gender, considering differences in burial and funereal practices among diverse cultures. Fans also construct the fansite as a place for consumer activism, sharing information about how to be active consumers in the funeral industry and to direct the course of their own burials.     

辨章“反切”

＂反＂最早使用于音学领域是佛教译经中用汉语音二合对译梵文音,进而作为专门的二合注音术语;＂切＂最早用于论说语音时是＂精确、确切＂的意思,中唐以后其使用义变化相当于＂反＂;此后,＂反＂＂切＂皆是＂二合＂注音术语,不再有分别。     

从“粉丝”到“扇子”

《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典》中,做名词的fan有两个:fan①,扇子、风扇、扇状物;fan③,对某事物之狂热者,迷。"粉丝"是fan③复数形式的音译词,最早来源于台湾的媒体。主要做名词,也可做动词。"粉丝"是个统称,某个人或某类事物"粉丝"的命名,主要采用以下几种方式:(1)音译,包括"X粉、X丝、X饭"等;(2)意译,如"X迷";(3)谐音,如栗子(刘力扬的粉丝);(1)、(2)也常常使用谐音,如盒(何)饭、玉米(宇迷)。最近出现的"扇子"一词,也是一个统称,来自英文的fan①,复数形式也可音译为"粉丝",有"粉丝"做纽带,进一步获得了"迷"的意义。重形式轻内容,重谐音轻语义,是目前"粉丝"命名最突出的特点,这也是网络语言的特点和问题所在。     

试论汉语中的同形反义现象

关于“反训”历来多有争议，本文则改称之为“同形反义现象”，重新界定其基本内涵，并通过诸多实例分析造成这种现象的各种原因，提出一些新的见解，认为词义在语用中的变迁是导致此现象产生的关键。     

断层几何学特征及对浊积岩的控制作用

为解释断层下降盘浊积砂体横向不均一的控制机理，从河125断层几何特征入手，剖析了断层形态与浊积砂体的关系，发现弧形断裂平行于断层走向剖面上为断槽、断脊组合；在垂直于断层走向剖面上断层可分为竖滑段、倾滑段和平滑段三段。生长指数规律为弧中大于弧翼；H/L指数为弧中小于弧翼。断裂的几何学特征与动力学、运动学特征具有相关性，断裂不同位置几何学特征的不同反映了断裂动力学、运动学特征的差异。断层对浊积岩具有重要的控制作用：弧中对应浊积扇最发育区，弧翼为不同浊积扇的分界线；断槽为浊积砂体的补给通道；断脊为扇体不同补给区的分水岭，形成了典型的弧扇对应现象。     

Hold Safety Inventory Before,At, or After the Fan‐Out Point?

We consider a product sold in multiple variants, each with uncertain demand, produced in a multi‐stage process from a standard (i.e., generic) sub‐assembly. The fan‐out point is defined as the last process stage at which outputs are generic (outputs at every subsequent stage are variant‐specific). Insights gained from an analytical study of the system are used to develop heuristics that determine the stage(s) at which safety inventory should be held. We offer a relatively‐simple heuristic that approaches globally‐optimal results even though it uses only two relatively‐local parameters. We call this the VAPT, or value‐added/processing time heuristic, because it determines whether a (local) stage should hold inventory based only on the value added at that local stage relative to its downstream stage, along with the processing time at that local stage relative to its downstream stage. Another key insight is that, contrary to possible intuition, safety inventory should not always be held at the fan‐out point, although a fan‐out point does hold inventory under a wider range of conditions. We also explore when postponement is most valuable and illustrate that postponement may often be less beneficial than suggested by Lee and Tang (1997).     

论辩：现代汉语文论话语的重要方式

胡适、陈独秀的"文学革命"论,点燃了围绕白话与文言展开的文学论争,论争的思维与言说方式凝结成现 代汉语文论至关重要的话语方式:论辩。论辩话语方式具有对话性、针对性、极端性三个显著特征。现代汉语语法的 系统性、词汇的口语化,以及梁启超的新文体、章士钊的逻辑文体、维新派与革命派进行的报刊大论战等多种因素, 共同培育了论辩话语方式。随着现代文学批评的展开与深入,论辩话语方式被煅造成一把典型的文论双刃剑。     

利用空气幕提高抽油烟机抽吸效率

油烟是室内空气的主要污染源,控制其扩散是抽油烟机实现高效率捕集油烟的有效手段。采用在集气罩上加装空气幕的技术措施,能够阻止油烟蔓延,保持室内外压力平衡。从提高空气射流的动力性能和阻断能力着手,开发稳定性和封闭性较好的空气幕应用于抽油烟机,不仅提高了工作效率,而且节能效果显著。