我国各省区域农户综合生产能力的比较分析

农户是农业与农村经济活动的主体,农户综合生产能力是衡量一个地区农户经营水平和农业综合生产能力的重要指标。本文提出了农户综合生产能力的评价指标体系,并利用对应分析方法对全国31个省（市）农户的综合生产能力进行测评。结果表明：东部地区农户最终收益能力最强,中部地区农户现实产出能力最强,西部地区环境效益较好;北京、上海、黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古农户综合生产能力居全国前列。     

The reality of net capital gains and annual profit on NZ primary producing businesses: data from a recent survey of all farm types

ABSTRACT

Annual net cash returns and net capital gains provide farmers with their actual and potential monetary rewards, respectively. This article reports on a national farm survey showing both actual and potential returns, on average, are not as high as might be imagined. This is supported by the findings of earlier studies and has implications for rural societies and their associated economies. Data on income, expenses and profit is presented as is data on farm value changes over the life of each farm. The information is adjusted for inflation to provide ‘real’ data. The profit and net capital gain figures are divided into groupings based on a range of criteria such as total farm capital, and labour compliment as a reflection of farm size. Statistically significant differences occur for some groupings such as farm type and farm size.     

A Different Kind of Holding Environment: A Case Study of Group Work with Pediatric Staff

ABSTRACT

This paper reports a nearly two-year intervention with staff at a major urban pediatric facility. The authors worked as trainers and consultants for two groups–the Emergency Department (ED) and Chronic Care units (CC). Following two days of training about grief and loss, highlighting skill building for work with traumatized and grieving children and parents, the consultants worked to develop teams which could provide a Winnicottian holding environment for staff. The efficacy of this staff training is analyzed and support needs of staff members are identified. Findings include varied willingness to make use of group support. Chronic care participants are more likely to express willingness to engage in on-going support for one another, while ED staff members seem to prefer structured, educational training and episodic support. The holding environment of the processing groups must be adapted to fit the needs of the medical sub-culture.     

ROBUST ESTIMATION OF SMALL‐AREA MEANS AND QUANTILES

Small‐area estimation techniques have typically relied on plug‐in estimation based on models containing random area effects. More recently, regression M‐quantiles have been suggested for this purpose, thus avoiding conventional Gaussian assumptions, as well as problems associated with the specification of random effects. However, the plug‐in M‐quantile estimator for the small‐area mean can be shown to be the expected value of this mean with respect to a generally biased estimator of the small‐area cumulative distribution function of the characteristic of interest. To correct this problem, we propose a general framework for robust small‐area estimation, based on representing a small‐area estimator as a functional of a predictor of this small‐area cumulative distribution function. Key advantages of this framework are that it naturally leads to integrated estimation of small‐area means and quantiles and is not restricted to M‐quantile models. We also discuss mean squared error estimation for the resulting estimators, and demonstrate the advantages of our approach through model‐based and design‐based simulations, with the latter using economic data collected in an Australian farm survey.     

公司治理视角下自由现金流持有水平研究

自由现金流的持有会受到公司治理相关因素的影响。文章利用自由现金流持有水平在公司治理因素影响下的调整模型,以2003－2012年沪深两市639家上市公司的平衡面板数据为样本,就企业不同的公司治理因素如何影响自由现金流的持有水平进行实证检验。研究结果显示,我国上市公司自由现金流持有水平与最佳持有量存在一定差距;自由现金流持有水平的调整与企业投资水平、第一大股东持股比例呈正相关关系,与融资约束程度呈负相关关系;非国有企业的自由现金流持有水平调整速度快于国有企业。本文的研究可为企业确定最佳自由现金流持有水平并提高其使用效率提供参考。     

海南农垦农地承包经营制度之特性及其完善

农垦农地和集体农地都属于农业用地的范畴,有农地制度的一般特征,也有自己的特别之处。以海南农垦为例,农垦的农地承包与农村土地承包相比,在农地归属、发包与承包主体、权利性质与内容、承包费使用与收取上都独具特性。现行农垦农地承包经营制度也产生了法制化程度不高、承包经营权利性质不明确、承包费管理较为混乱等问题,应从加强法制建设、明确承包经营权的性质与权能、合理管理承包费、将农垦国有农地使用纳入全国农地使用制度当中等几个方面完善。     

对承租人的信用风险评估及防范

在金融租赁机构所面临的风险中 ,我国目前最大的风险是信用风险。通过确定承租人的信用分数、评定承租人信用等级、确定其风险系数等方法 ,对承租人的信用风险进行评估。在评估基础上 ,应采取根据风险系数 ,选择承租人、对风险系数进行修正、重视租赁合同、租中进行检查等措施防范风险     

家庭农场登记的比较分析——来自江苏的调查

家庭农场的登记能保护农场主的合法权益,增加其投资预期,促进家庭农场的发展,但实践中家庭农场的登记率约12%。江苏种植类家庭农场的实证研究表明:不同类型的农场,影响登记因素不同,但有相同的路径。影响粮食类的是农场主的年龄、土地流转的期限及村干部的宣传。影响园艺类家庭农场登记的因素有土地流转的价格、面积和村干部的宣传;农场主的个人特征、土地流转以及村干部宣传等因素共同影响着家庭农场的登记决策。依据企业生命周期理论,可以推断江苏的家庭农场还处于初级阶段。为提高家庭农场的登记,政府部门要出台促进家庭农场发展的政策,刺激土地流转,加大宣传力度,特别是要重视村干部的宣传作用,规范不同类型家庭农场的土地流转,加强对年龄大的农场主的登记培训。     

贵州民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移之思考

农村剩余劳动力转移是建设新农村的必然要求和结果,我国新农村建设的进程,就是农业人口逐步向非农业转移的过程。协调农村经济发展是解决民族地区农村剩余劳动力的一项重大决策创新。加入WTO后,我省民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移的形势更加严峻。因此,我们必须在城乡协调发展的思路下,坚持农村城市化、农村工业化、农业产业化、农民知识化、农民转移组织化等“五化”联动,促进民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移,为建设新农村起推动作用。     

工具类农业文化遗产的价值及其保护利用

工具类农业文化遗产是指在古代和近代农业时期由劳动人民创造的工具类农业文化,包括整地、播种、中耕、收获等17种工具类型。工具类农业文化遗产具有丰富的历史文化价值、艺术审美价值、旅游开发价值和教育传播价值,其保护利用方式主要有馆藏展示、入选非遗名录、缩微工艺品制作、节庆活态保护等。目前,工具类农业文化遗产保护利用存在偏重于器物层面、过度依赖于旅游业等问题,亟待深入挖掘其时代和区域特色,多途径、多方式加以保护利用,以促进此类农业文化遗产的本真传承和可持续发展。