Managing Conflict of Interest in Research: Some Suggestions for Investigators

Conflict of interest situations threaten to compromise objectivity and tempt researchers to act wrongly. Allowing oneself to drift into such situations without appropriate preparation is negligence which is, itself, a sort of wrongdoing. Since conflict of interest is unlikely to be eliminated or tamed by the professional---and institutional---level safeguards currently under discussion, individual researchers must make their own preparations. We offer individuals ten strategies for managing their own conflicts of interest.     

美国反垄断法的演变轨迹——政治博弈的视角

美国反垄断法的历史演变呈现出了典型的“钟摆式”运行轨迹,与其不断“经济学化”的主流解释存在抵牾。经济学理论、政党政治以及经济和战争危机等因素确实对美国反垄断法的演变有影响,但是这些解释都不尽周延。以生产者团体和消费者团体为代表的利益团体之间的“政治博弈”,是导致美国反垄断法钟摆式演变的根本原因。这种博弈塑造了美国的反垄断政策,并不断引导美国反垄断法的发展和演变。     

Business political activity in New Zealand from 1990 to 2005

Abstract

This article describes the political activity of New Zealand's major business associations from 1990 to 2005. Two major themes are clearly evident in the political activity of business during this period. On one side, business vigorously opposed any perceived “rolling back” of the neoliberal policy reforms of 1984–93. On the other, business just as vigorously promoted further reforms that it considered to be in its interests, which it equated with those of the nation as a whole. Government performance in economic management and policy‐making was consistently assessed in terms of whether or not, and the extent to which, government was maintaining, advancing, or rolling back key elements of neoliberal policy reform. Two features of business political activity from 1990 to 2005 stand out: first, the extent of the neoliberal consensus over all major policy issues; and second, the marked continuity in advocating the retention and extension of the neoliberal policy regime for the entire period under review. On the basis of this investigation, the article concludes that the widespread scholarly neglect within political science in New Zealand of Marxist and neopluralist analyses of the role played by business in promoting neoliberal policy reform is unjustified.     

城镇化进程中失地农民权益缺失与保障机制研究

随着我国工业化和城镇化进程的加速,失地农民正在成为一支新兴的"弱势群体",由于立法、制度、政府和农民自身的原因,其权益得不到应有的保障。因此,应从加强立法、完善制度、转变政府角色以及提高农民自身素质等着手,切实保障失地农民的权益。     

主权财富基金投资所得的税收处理与国际协调

主权财富基金的兴起是2007年以来国际金融领域的重要事件之一,至今方兴未艾,也在国际税法领域引发了是否应当以及如何对这种政府性投资机构在东道国的投资所得课税问题的争论。目前,主权财富基金多被视为与政府所有或控制的机构而获得单边豁免、相互豁免或视同私人投资者等三种税收处理方式。从全球金融市场的稳健和可持续发展考虑,应当基于欧盟《利息税指令》的模式,在全球范围内建立主权财富基金税收信息共享机制。     

食品安全中企业和消费者的演化博弈均衡及对策分析

基于当前食品安全现状,通过对食品企业和消费者利益演化机制的分析,建立了消费者和食品企业之间的演化博弈模型,得出消费者参与监督会影响食品安全问题解决的结论,并借助模型分析了他们各自的均衡策略.当食品企业生产合格产品时,消费者会选择不举报;而当食品企业生产劣质产品时,会有小比例的消费者选择举报和监督.最初这个比例是很小的,随着消费者长时间的学习,最终选择“监督”的消费者会占较大比例.当消费者监督时,企业会逐步向生产优质产品的策略转化.     

论环境公益诉讼费用征收规则的完善

环境公益诉讼制度的入法,标志着我国环境公益诉讼制度从理论层面走向了制度层面。但我国当下环境公益诉讼费用征收规则难以适应环境公益诉讼发展需要,导致环境公益诉讼在司法实践中受阻。运用文献研究法具体分析我国现行环境公益诉讼费用征收规则,发现在诉讼费用征收标准、诉讼激励机制以及司法救助等方面存在若干不足。因此,建议在《诉讼费用交纳办法》中制定关于环境公益诉讼费用征收规则的原则性规定,并出台关于环境公益诉讼费用交纳规则的具体规定和完善相关配套法律法规等措施来完善我国环境公益诉讼费用征收规则。     

占有法益之侵权行为法救济途径--兼论侵权行为法一般条款之重构

占有的性质体现为法益,是侵权行为之客体,在侵权行为法的救济中居特殊地位.占有人在占有法益受到侵害时享有救济权,得请求损害赔偿.得请求赔偿之损害包括使用收益之损害、支出费用之损害以及责任之损害.在立法上应当通过重构侵权行为法一般条款来实现对占有法益之救济.     

偏差约束下的区间数银行贷款组合决策研究

随着中国利率市场化进程加快,银行贷款利率呈现出越来越多的不确定性,因此,商业银行在配置贷款资源时需要充分考虑收益这一新特点。将区间数引入到贷款组合优化模型中,并采用偏差、距离等概念将模型变成简单的线性规划,优化结果显示模型的配置情况符合风险收益同步变化的趋势。     

职业院校兴趣养成教学体系的构建

在现代教学中,兴趣养成是根据教学的需要,有目的地去引导、培养、利用学生的兴趣特征,激发其主观能动性,进而使其为教学服务。由于兴趣和教学天生的关系,以兴趣养成为突破口和切入点可以更好地拉近教学双方距离,教学效果十分突出。本文针对兴趣养成这一因素,对职业院校学生学习特点和学习能力进行分析与研究。