A stochastic version of the malthusian trap model: Consequences for the empirical relationship between economic growth and population growth in LDC's

A stochastic version of the Malthusian trap model relating the growth rate of income per capita to the population growth rate of a given country is described. This model is applied to the a priori evaluation of the cross‐sectional correlation between these two growth rates under two additional assumptions: i) the relations in the model at national levels include country‐specific and time‐invariant random components, and ii) these growth rates are measured with a certain degree of temporal aggregation. It is shown that these two assumptions can explain near‐zero correlations between the two growth rates even if there exist a strongly negative effect of population growth on economic growth. However it is not clear whether these assumptions fully explain such insignificant correlations. Indeed, the implementation of the model is complicated by the structural shifts which are likely to occur in the equations over the course of the demographic transition.     

Getting payments at Centrelink

This paper presents findings from a small qualitative study of tertiary students who were receiving income support payments from Centrelink. They are some of the millions of Australians receiving income support payments from Centrelink each year. The aim of the study was to explore and illuminate the experience of receiving income support payments. The findings indicate that people who may appear to have no problems accessing Centrelink may nevertheless undertake considerable efforts to receive their payments. These efforts involve practical tasks, intra and interpersonal processes and use of material resources. As many social work clients receive some sort of income support payment, these issues are relevant across social work settings.     

虚企业与ERP 软件关系研究

简述国内外ERP 的发展过程, 提出虚企业的概念, 指出它与ERP 软件系统的关系, 揭示 ERP 软件中的模型与BPR 之间的内在联系, 探讨其结构的演变过程, 分析引入该概念的意义 和对信息系统研究的影响, 如独立于现有企业实体的企业理论模型的研究, 优化的企业流程、 企业构架的建立; 传统信息系统开发方式的改变, 不应仿照原企业的构架建立企业管理信息系 统; 企业管理信息系统实施方式的改变, 强调理论模型对信息化的企业管理及其实体结构的影 响; 最后指出虚企业发展的过程为软科学的研究提供了一条思路.     

Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income

Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic health of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km²). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980–1985 and 1985–2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland.     

Gender and income in pharmacy: human capital and gender stratification theories revisited

This is a case study of gender and earnings in pharmacy--a profession characterized by its rapid recruitment of female practitioners. We try to account for disparities in earnings between male and female pharmacists in Ontario with the aid of human capital theory and gender stratification theory. Data is drawn from a random sample of 463 Ontario pharmacists. We find a consistent sex gap in earnings regardless of occupational level of practitioners (i.e. owner, manager or employee) and net of such factors as hours worked, commitment to work, hours devoted to childcare, absences from the labour market, and years since graduation. Instead, the main reason why women in pharmacy earn less than males is because they remain employees throughout their careers. However, we are less successful at identifying the additional factors responsible for the depressed earnings of female practitioners. We discuss our findings in light of the claims of gender stratification and human capital theory.     

二元经济结构下的城乡居民收入消费水平的区域差异分析

我国的国民经济结构是一个典型的二元经济结构,东、中、西三大区域城乡差距依此递增,三大地带内部城乡差距呈现明显拉大趋势。这种现状产生的原因是多方面的,但农业和非农业部门劳动生产率水平的巨大差异和国家的农业投资政策是不容忽视的两个因素。推进二元经济结构演化,缩小城乡居民差距必须树立工农城乡协调发展的战略思想,加大对农业的投入,积极推进农村税费改革,加快城镇化步伐,实施农业产业化经营。     

邓小平与中国“三农”问题

邓小平历来关心农业、农村和农民的问题,对于农村经济体制的改革更是他进行改革的历史起点.他关于"三农"问题的理论,不仅使改革初期以及后来的农民受益匪浅,而且指明了党和政府农村工作的方向,即一切为农民着想,不断进行体制创新和制度创新,加快发展农业,繁荣农村经济,努力提高农民生活水平.坚持和贯彻这一理论是新时期党和政府"以人为本"精神的集中体现.     

农村公共物品供给与农民收入增长相关性分析

农村公共物品供给短缺是农民收入增长和城乡协调发展的重大障碍,其形成原因主要有城乡"二元供给体制"、政府职能残缺、融资体制障碍等。建立农村公共物品供给与农民收入增长相关性分析模型,验证了农村公共物品供给不足对农民收入增长的重大影响。据此,文章提出协调城乡经济发展、保障农村公共物品供给的对策设计。     

"和平崛起"的文化历史解读

"和平崛起"理论包含三层意蕴"崛起"显示了一种历史发展的隐然期待;对"崛起"的"和平"限定则来自于对中国历史文明交往的回顾与总结;结合历史与现实的"和平崛起"理论将成为新世纪中国外交工作的圭臬."和平崛起"理论的提法本身,就昭示了当代中国社会在文化心理上从委屈到平和、从羞怯到自信、从被动到主动三方面的深刻变化.     

商鞅变法得失新析

商鞅变法是战国时期最为彻底的一次封建化改革活动。这次变法既有值得后来改革者认真总结和借鉴的一系列成功的宝贵经验,也有不少极为沉重的历史教训。