A stochastic version of the malthusian trap model: Consequences for the empirical relationship between economic growth and population growth in LDC's

A stochastic version of the Malthusian trap model relating the growth rate of income per capita to the population growth rate of a given country is described. This model is applied to the a priori evaluation of the cross‐sectional correlation between these two growth rates under two additional assumptions: i) the relations in the model at national levels include country‐specific and time‐invariant random components, and ii) these growth rates are measured with a certain degree of temporal aggregation. It is shown that these two assumptions can explain near‐zero correlations between the two growth rates even if there exist a strongly negative effect of population growth on economic growth. However it is not clear whether these assumptions fully explain such insignificant correlations. Indeed, the implementation of the model is complicated by the structural shifts which are likely to occur in the equations over the course of the demographic transition.     

Getting payments at Centrelink

This paper presents findings from a small qualitative study of tertiary students who were receiving income support payments from Centrelink. They are some of the millions of Australians receiving income support payments from Centrelink each year. The aim of the study was to explore and illuminate the experience of receiving income support payments. The findings indicate that people who may appear to have no problems accessing Centrelink may nevertheless undertake considerable efforts to receive their payments. These efforts involve practical tasks, intra and interpersonal processes and use of material resources. As many social work clients receive some sort of income support payment, these issues are relevant across social work settings.     

知识流模型及其在航天企业中的应用

知识管理的理论和实践吸引了众多学者和企业家的关注,但在具体的实施方法上一直没有形成共识。管理的对象是“知识”,对于知识流动的理解、监测乃至控制是顺利实施知识管理项目的基础。已有的研究对知识流的讨论集中于描述概念,或通过统计分析或调查问卷得到对专利、引用等知识流动的描述。把Petri网理论用在对知识流进行刻画中,提出知识流的Petri网模型,能够描述知识分布的拓扑结构、知识存量、一定时期的知识流量和流速,使得管理人员便于监控和管理知识流动,更好地实施知识管理。把基于Petri网的知识流模型应用于航天企业中,通过实证分析说明该知识流模型对知识流动的刻画能力,并通过对现状的分析,为改进知识流动效率,实现知识管理目标提供支持。     

Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income

Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic health of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km²). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980–1985 and 1985–2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland.     

Gender and income in pharmacy: human capital and gender stratification theories revisited

This is a case study of gender and earnings in pharmacy--a profession characterized by its rapid recruitment of female practitioners. We try to account for disparities in earnings between male and female pharmacists in Ontario with the aid of human capital theory and gender stratification theory. Data is drawn from a random sample of 463 Ontario pharmacists. We find a consistent sex gap in earnings regardless of occupational level of practitioners (i.e. owner, manager or employee) and net of such factors as hours worked, commitment to work, hours devoted to childcare, absences from the labour market, and years since graduation. Instead, the main reason why women in pharmacy earn less than males is because they remain employees throughout their careers. However, we are less successful at identifying the additional factors responsible for the depressed earnings of female practitioners. We discuss our findings in light of the claims of gender stratification and human capital theory.     

大学英语教学与综合能力培养

本文根据修订后的<大学英语教学大纲>,倡导在教学实践中运用现代外语教学理论,推行以学生为主体以实践为中心的教学模式,打好大学生英语语言基础,提高大学生运用英语语言的综合能力.     

二元经济结构下的城乡居民收入消费水平的区域差异分析

我国的国民经济结构是一个典型的二元经济结构,东、中、西三大区域城乡差距依此递增,三大地带内部城乡差距呈现明显拉大趋势。这种现状产生的原因是多方面的,但农业和非农业部门劳动生产率水平的巨大差异和国家的农业投资政策是不容忽视的两个因素。推进二元经济结构演化,缩小城乡居民差距必须树立工农城乡协调发展的战略思想,加大对农业的投入,积极推进农村税费改革,加快城镇化步伐,实施农业产业化经营。     

邓小平与中国“三农”问题

邓小平历来关心农业、农村和农民的问题,对于农村经济体制的改革更是他进行改革的历史起点.他关于"三农"问题的理论,不仅使改革初期以及后来的农民受益匪浅,而且指明了党和政府农村工作的方向,即一切为农民着想,不断进行体制创新和制度创新,加快发展农业,繁荣农村经济,努力提高农民生活水平.坚持和贯彻这一理论是新时期党和政府"以人为本"精神的集中体现.     

农村公共物品供给与农民收入增长相关性分析

农村公共物品供给短缺是农民收入增长和城乡协调发展的重大障碍,其形成原因主要有城乡"二元供给体制"、政府职能残缺、融资体制障碍等。建立农村公共物品供给与农民收入增长相关性分析模型,验证了农村公共物品供给不足对农民收入增长的重大影响。据此,文章提出协调城乡经济发展、保障农村公共物品供给的对策设计。     

农民收入问题及其农业经营中市场机制作用“被扭曲”的本质

我国当前农民收入问题的本质是市场机制作用"被扭曲",导致农业生产要素的优化组合陷入一个制度性的困境中:农民收入严重依赖于国家的价格干预,农民只能采用"弹性投入策略"以适应市场。要不断地缓解我国的农民收入问题,除了对现行的户籍和土地制度进行改革和完善外,国家还应该采取其他一些政策措施,有效缓解当前的突出问题,维护农村乃至整个社会的稳定局面。