Child Support, Fatherhood, and Marriage: Findings from the First 5 Years of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

In this article, we review what has been learned to date from the first 5 years of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study about child support, fatherhood, and marriage. The article first describes the parents' circumstances at the time of the child's birth, then examines the trajectories of parents' relationships (with each other and others), fathers' financial contributions and other indicators of fathers' involvement with their children 5 years later; and finally reviews what has been learned about the effect of child support enforcement on these three aspects of families' lives. We find that most unmarried parents are either cohabiting or romantically involved at the time of the child's birth, but are a distinctly disadvantaged group as compared with married parents. Five years later, most of these parents are no longer romantically involved, however, most of the fathers are still seeing their children on a regular basis, and about half are contributing either formally or informally to their support. Strong child support enforcement appears to increase formal and decrease informal support from fathers, reduce marriage among parents, and have a weak positive effect on father involvement. More research is necessary to understand whether these findings are robust over time and across samples of unmarried parents.     

女性的别一种呼唤--试比较两代女作家的创作

以陈染、林白为代表的60年代出生女作家与以卫慧、棉棉为代表的"新新人类"女作家,以她们对私语空间中女性隐秘经验的描写取得了写作姿态上的形似,但却遮掩不住内在的差异。在共同的对性及父亲形象的描写中,"新新人类"写作都缺乏前代女作家深层的对男权文化的精神抗拒与反叛,从而使女性写作发生了断裂甚至倒退,陈染、林白式的女性写作意义也借话语革命得以突显。     

Child Characteristics,Parenting Stress,and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers

This study examined variations in the relationships among child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement. Participants were 100 two‐parent families with preschool‐aged children. Self‐report and interview data were collected to measure parental involvement, as well as perceptions of child temperament and parental stress. Analyses revealed significant, yet somewhat different, associations between child temperament and parental stress for mothers and fathers. More significant associations were found between perceptions of child temperament and involvement for fathers than for mothers. The associations between child temperament and parental stress and involvement differed on the basis of child and parent gender. Results are discussed in terms of future research on father involvement, as well as programs designed to encourage fathers to assume more active parental roles.     

介喻和介喻文化

介喻是当今最为敏感的修辞格之一,其特征主要表现在“本、喻体间的差值”和“辞格本体的外在义”等两方面。 其语用包含着两个层面的内容,即基本的和文化的。由于敏感,它常常会带来文化的烦恼。     

论婉曲

婉曲因为没有固定的独特的语言结构形式,其作用也不是为了加强语言效果,因此不是一种辞格。婉曲是一种有别于直率表达的委婉曲折含蓄的表述方式,其作用主要是为了避免刺激,方法有同义替代、模糊语言、无效回答和侧面暗示等。     

中国水彩画人物创作的现状和发展前景

随着中西方艺术的不断交流、吸取和融合,水彩艺术在中国得到空前的发展,并且逐渐形成了自己的民族特色。但中国水彩艺术要想提高自己的地位,成为有影响的大画种,还需要不断地努力和探索。其中,中国水彩人物创作成为中国水彩艺术发展中最为明显的难题。     

“月氏”读音考

“月氏”,今有两读。本文通过对诸多史籍中关于“月氏”地理、历史的考察,并从音理、字形对其进行了分析,可以确定“月氏”应读为“肉支”。     

试论汉语比喻的心理基础及文化观照

比喻是对感知过程中产生的某种联想进行描述的一种语言艺术手法,＂联想＂是比喻的心理基础。比喻的结构构成及其功能实现,都需建立在类比联想的基础之上。这种联想的产生会受到人们所生活的文化背景的影响,因此比喻也是一种文化现象。从广阔的文化背景中观察分析汉语中的比喻,能更好地了解其文化特征。     

清单计价下的工程建设全过程造价管理与控制

在阐述工程量清单的基本涵义与特点的基础上,系统论述了工程量清单计价模式下,在工程建设的设计、施工招标、施工、竣工验收等各个阶段工程造价管理与控制应注意的问题、应采取的措施和手段,对于工程项目业主利用清单计价对工程造价进行有效控制具有重要的指导意义。     

Fatherhood regimes and father involvement in France and the UK

This paper contrasts and compares the institutional framework for fatherhood and father involvement and the survey evidence relating to fathers’ contribution to childcare and domestic work in the two countries. It shows that while men's contribution to such activities appears to be increasing in both France and the UK, change is slow and father involvement does not necessarily seem to correlate directly either with patterns of female labour force participation or with the support offered by the institutional framework. The authors explore the theoretical frameworks most appropriate for explaining their findings and situate them primarily in terms of Pfau-Effinger's theorization of the gender arrangement (1998, 2002, 2004). The authors conclude that while change in father involvement is slow, the introduction of statutory and organizational work–life balance measures which alter the gender order open up opportunities for negotiated change in the division of the labour in the home.