论英语语言课程设计中的需求分析

界定需求要从目标和目的两个方面进行,这两个方面是我们发展测试、材料、教学活动、评价策略的基础。因此需求分析是语言课程建设不可分割的一部分。本文重点介绍了英语语言课程设计中需求分析的方法及步骤。目的在于强调需求分析的重要性,以及需求分析对于教师改进教学方法、提高教学效果、提高学生学习的主动性和积极性的重要意义。     

Ethnic patterns in the phonetics of Montreal English

Most North American cities no longer display strong ethnic differentiation of speech within the European‐origin population. This is not true in the English‐speaking community of Montreal, Canada, where English is a minority language. Differences in the phonetic realization of vowels by Montrealers of Irish, Italian, and Jewish ethnic origin are investigated by means of acoustic analysis. A statistical analysis of ethnic differences in formant frequencies shows that ethnicity has a significant effect on several variables, particularly the phonetic position of /u:/ and /ou/ and the allophonic conditioning of /æ/ and /au/ before nasal consonants. The unusual tenacity of ethnophonetic variation in Montreal English is explained in light of the minority status of English, and the social and residential segregation of ethnic groups in distinct neighborhoods, which limits their exposure to speakers of Standard Canadian English who might otherwise serve as models for assimilation.     

ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.     

对近年来我国建设用地扩张的分析

着眼近年来我国的建设用地面积增长扩张的现状,分析了造成建设用地扩张的原因,指出城镇人口的增加、经济发展的需求、征地制度的实施和经济利益的驱动是建设用地扩张的主要因素。总结出建设用地过度扩张,会对我国粮食安全和生态安全构成威胁。由此提出严格控制利用土地谋利益,避免建设用地过度扩张。     

Holistic trajectories: a study of combined employment, housing and family careers by using multiple-sequence analysis

Summary.  Social science applications of sequence analysis have thus far involved the development of a typology on the basis of an analysis of one or two variables which have had a relatively low number of different states. There is a yet unexplored potential for sequence analysis to be applied to a greater number of variables and thereby a much larger state space. The development of a typology of employment experiences, for example, without reference to data on changes in housing, marital and family status is arguably inadequate. The paper demonstrates the use of sequence analysis in the examination of multivariable combinations of status as they change over time and shows that this method can provide insights that are difficult to achieve through other analytic methods. The data that are examined here provide support to intuitive understandings of clusters of common experiences which are both life course specific and related to socio-economic factors. Housing tenure is found to be of key importance in understanding the holistic trajectories that are examined. This suggests that life course trajectories are sharply differentiated by experience of social housing.     

供应链风险产生根源的理论分析

根据现有文献研究成果,结合实际调研分析,将供应链风险因素整理归纳为系统风险、供应风险、物流风险、信息风险、财务风险、管理风险、需求风险和环境风险。每种风险因素并非独立存在,而是相互影响、互为根源。其非线性叠加结果将会放大供应链整体风险水平。因此,必须认识到其存在的风险,只有在明确各种风险产生根源的基础上,才能恰当地制定、选择和采取有效措施,规避风险,确保供应链整体绩效稳步提高。     

海伍德对政治学核心概念的独到分析与诠释——《政治学核心概念》评介

《政治学核心概念》是一部在国外政治学界有广泛影响的著作。在这部著作中,海伍德强调了政治概念的特殊重要性并对此进行了独到的解释;探讨了政治概念在实际应用中存在的特殊问题并进行了有深度的分析;对"规范性概念"和"描述性概念"进行了富有启发意义的区分与阐释。该书不仅展现了作者在政治概念界定与诠释上的学术专长与独到之处,也体现了作者在政治学知识再现与传播上尽量贴近读者与学生的教师情结与风范。     

中国上市公司财务预警实证研究

在对国外公司财务预警经典研究成果进行回顾和总结的基础上,运用多元判别分析方法（MDA）和逐步判别分析（Stepdisc）等方法逐层推进构造预测模型,以经济实用为选择标准,最终建立一个预测准确率最高、变量最少的适合中国实际情况的财务危机预测模型。     

再论企业自知识能力及其管理

根据先前的研究 ,从企业核心能力的角度阐述了自知识能力的本质特征 ,即动态的特征、宽泛的特征、深层次的特征。分析了扼杀企业自知识能力的因素 ,包括企业文化因素、组织结构设计因素、分析性思维因素、策略性决策因素、激励性体系因素等五个方面。在此基础上提出了提升企业自知识能力的对策。     

施工企业危机管理及其经济分析

危机管理的目的是为了避免和减少危机的损害,是一场"防御性的战斗",也是一项系统工程。论文结合竞争激烈的施工企业市场实际,从施工企业危机管理入手,阐述了施工企业危机管理目前的共性内容,并通过分析对危机管理的重要意义、危机管理效果和经济效果的衡量等问题,进一步通过施工企业危机管理的经济分析对危机管理投入、所得的界定,研究了危机管理投入的量化及归一化,以及危机管理所得的量化及归一化问题,得出单位投入所带来的整体稳定态势,其值越大表明危机管理越有效。可为施工企业开展此项工作提供一定的理论指导。