设立“虐待儿童罪”探析

处于特殊身心发育阶段的儿童,应当成为法律重点保护的对象;设立虐待儿童罪,可有效加强对儿童人身权利的全面保护。虐待儿童罪保护的客体是儿童的身心健康,犯罪主体可以设定为除亲生父母外的一般人,客观方面表现为虐待儿童情节恶劣,主观方面表现为故意。     

法定刑以下处刑核准制度的改革与完善

法定刑以下处刑核准制度,是立法者考虑到犯罪和法律适用的双重复杂性,为在特殊案件中做到量刑适当而作出的专门规定。但由于对何为＂特殊情况＂认识不一、核准程序繁琐、核准期限过长等原因,这一制度基本被虚置。＂许霆案＂之后,学界与实务部门改革完善这一制度的呼声渐高。应放宽实体标准,寻求自由裁量权与罪刑法定的平衡点,简化与完善核准程序,以消除程序的消极影响和制约。     

On Testing the Mean Equivalence of Treatments from Correlated Normal Populations

Let there be k equally correlated treatment populations under consideration, a Studentized range test is proposed to test the hypothesis of average mean equivalence against the alternative hypothesis of inequivalence. The maximum level and minimum power at some least favorable configurations of means are used to calculate the critical value and the required sample size simultaneously when testing a null against an alternative hypothesis. The range test is applied to a real world problem to find out if the stress levels among children at four time periods due to a newly built nearby airport are equivalent.     

情势变更的经济学基础

情势变更背后隐藏着令人信服的经济学逻辑。一方面,在情势变更情况下,当事人对履行的估价及履行成本都发生了变化,原合同已经不再是资源配置的有效手段,因此应予以变更或解除。另一方面,按照经济效率的要求,风险应该分配给优势风险承担人。由于合同双方可能都不符合其要求,所以情势变更规则通过调整或解除合同将风险在当事人之间进行公平的分配。      

论开放环境下我国金融改革与发展的若干问题

开放式的金融环境为我国金融改革与发展带来了新的问题.为避免中国重蹈东南亚国家的覆辙,本文探讨了开放环境下我国金融改革与发展的若干问题,提出了我国金融体系今后的发展重点,为主管部门提供了政策借鉴.     

全面建设小康社会新阶段我国民族关系良性发展的思考

本文认为 ,推进我国民族关系良性发展是全面建设小康社会的基本目标和要求。但是 ,新形势下国内外环境对我国民族关系发展也产生负面影响。例如 ,民族间现有的巨大发展差距严重危害我国民族关系良性发展的基础 ;改革中利益结构的调整和重组将使民族矛盾不断生成和发展 ;民族文化互动中 ,文化的碰撞及开发利用中少数民族传统文化的不当流失 ,也会对民族关系造成冲击 ;城市化进程的加快给民族关系带来了一些新问题 ;国外敌对势力的渗透和极端民族主义的影响 ,在一定程度上威胁和冲击着我国民族关系的良性发展等。文章分析了当前影响我国民族关系良性发展的体制和政策等因素 ,并提出推动我国民族关系良性发展的对策措施     

Approximations for a fixed sample size selection procedure for negative binomial populations

A large sample approximation of the least favorable configuration for a fixed sample size selection procedure for negative binomial populations is proposed. A normal approximation of the selection procedure is also presented. Optimal sample sizes required to be drawn from each population and the bounds for the sample sizes are tabulated. Sample sizes obtained using the approximate least favorable configuration are compared with those obtained using the exact least favorable configuration. Alternate form of the normal approximation to the probability of correct selection is also presented. The relation between the required sample size and the number of populations involved is studied.     

Testing for or against a trend in odds ratios

Consider data arranged into k × 2 × 2 contingency tables. The principal result of this paper is the derivation of the likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution for testing for or against an order restriction placed upon the odds ratios. We will show that the limiting distributions are of chi-bar square type and give the expression of the weighting values.     

Minimax Estimation of the Bounded Parameter of Some Discrete Distributions Under LINEX Loss Function

For a class of discrete distributions, including Poisson(θ), Generalized Poisson(θ), Borel(m, θ), etc., we consider minimax estimation of the parameter θ under the assumption it lies in a bounded interval of the form [0, m] and a LINEX loss function. Explicit conditions for the minimax estimator to be Bayes with respect to a boundary supported prior are given. Also for Bernoulli(θ)-distribution, which is not in the mentioned class of discrete distributions, we give conditions for which the Bayes estimator of θ ∈ [0, m], m < 1 with respect to a boundary supported prior is minimax under LINEX loss function. Numerical values are given for the largest values of m for which the corresponding Bayes estimators of θ are minimax.     

解放战争时期党的劳资两利政策的制定与实施

解放战争时期,中国共产党把实现劳资两利作为新民主主义国民经济的指导方针之一,但在具体执行政策的过程中,由于多种原因,还是发生了错误偏向,主要是"左"的偏向。中国共产党及时纠偏,尤其是刘少奇天津讲话进一步纠"左",在新解放的大中城市深入贯彻执行劳资两利政策,从而使新解放城市紧张的劳资关系趋向平缓,私营工商业也迅速得到了恢复和发展。