我国公共政策执行手段的选择、确定问题及改进

在政策执行过程中,有效的政策执行手段对政策目标的顺利实现意义重大。通常使用的政策执行手段有五种,政策执行手段具有某些作用特性。选择、确定合适的政策手段,必须遵循一定的标准和原则。我国公共政策执行手段选择、确定方面存在着一些问题,需要加以改进。     

教师教育政策公平的现实困境与有效路径

长期以来,我国东部发达地区、城市以及重点学校、公办学校优先发展的教师教育政策与战略从客观上造成了教师教育的区域、城乡、校际失衡,以至于教师教育政策陷入公平困境。而统筹教师教育的区域、城乡与校际均衡发展则成为教师教育政策公平的可能进路。     

以绿色金融政策促进绿色消费发展

在市场经济条件下促进经济绿色化发展,金融机制是推进绿色消费的基本手段。通过发展绿色金融、创新绿色消费金融机制、完善绿色信贷制度、建立绿色保险体系、构筑绿色社会信用体系等,并配以相应的环境经济政策和产业准入政策,促进绿色消费发展,发挥其引导和促进作用。     

汉代保护小农政策述论

~~汉代保护小农政策述论@张仁玺$山东师范大学历史文化与社会发展学院!山东济南,250014 @冯昌琳$济南第十八中学!山东济南,250101~~~~~~     

Is money the main reason mothers return to work after childbearing?

Women’s reasons for returning to work after childbearing are complex, often including a mix of financial and other reasons related to their preferences, choices and constraints regarding employment; various qualitative studies have explored this decision-making process. This paper also considers how these decisions about returning to work are made, but uses quantitative techniques to analyse how reasons for return to work vary with factors such as women’s timing of return to work, what types of jobs they had previously worked in, or returned to, and what type of leave they used. This enables an examination of which women feel more constrained in their labour market options by returning to work sooner than preferred, and also their reasons for returning. Analysis is based on the 2005 Parental Leave in Australia Survey, a survey nested in the Wave 1.5 collection of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Mothers had children aged between 15 and 29 months at this time, and 56 per cent of these mothers had returned to work.     

拿破仑的犹太政策实质

拿破仑时期的犹太人政策是犹太历史上一个重大内容,他继承了法国大革命的人权和平等的资本主义原则,给予了法国犹太人平等的公民权利,在对欧洲的一系列战争中又把这个原则带给欧洲各国,对欧洲犹太人的解放起了很大的作用。     

户籍制度利益分配功能的形成及改革思路探讨

中国特殊的社会经济政策导致户籍制度异化为社会利益分配机制。随着社会经济政策的转变,户籍制度的利益分配功能在改革开放前后具有不同的特点。户籍制度改革必须以社会经济政策的整体调整为先导,以转换政府职能为切入点。而社会经济政策的调整必须考虑社会利益集团的利益刚性和利益博弈,走一条渐进改革的路径。     

The renationalisation of migration policies in times of crisis: the case of Norway*

Securing collective action in the field of asylum regulation is high on the European political agenda. In this article, we look at one country's partial pullback from the regional cooperation during the high influx of asylum seekers in 2015. We use Norway as a case to analyse the challenges to common European asylum regulations and the drivers of a region-wide tendency of what we call renationalisation. Against this background, we seek to contribute to the discussion on the dynamics of Europeanisation and the future of the Common European Asylum System. While the Europeanisation of migration policies has been well covered in the literature, tendencies of renationalisation have been less so. To contribute to the knowledge base, we create a typology of the drivers of renationalisation. These drivers include necessary political and institutional preconditions, resource limitations, triggers, expectations and aspects of time.     

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

The idea that cities enjoy a certain degree of autonomy from the state when it comes to shaping immigrant integration policy has been repeatedly highlighted by research and promoted by good governance discourses. However, the emergence of state-led civic integration programmes (CIP) across Europe would seem to jar with this movement. This is the contradiction that this article explores. CIP mobilise significant resources and streamline immigrant integration through language courses, the provision of information about the host society and vocational orientation. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with local policy-makers on the CIP in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, this article demonstrates how they reduce the role cities have in immigrant integration; and how they transform integration policies—to varying degrees—from being developed in relationship to locally emerging needs to being charged with state sovereignty. These findings challenge the idea that there is an increasingly local approach to integration. They also raise concerns about the ambitions of CIP. Although presented as a means to make integration policies more efficient, their focus on control and coercion may in fact jeopardise their capacity to respond to concrete integration needs.     

Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.