怪诞形象与惧鬼原因——闽南民间故事另类形象产生的根源

闽南民间故事中的怪诞形象与闽南独特的“惧鬼”心理密切相关，是闽南文化心理中的惧鬼因素和魔鬼意象。这种创造不仅可以看出闽南民众对给他们的生存和生活造成不安全不稳定因素的畏惧、警惕和否定，同时也透露出闽南民众对生活危机的发泄和补偿心理以及对美好稳定的生活理想和社会秩序的渴望和追求，形象地传达出了闽南文化的特殊内涵和价值取向。     

Understanding Older Americans' Attitudes,Knowledge, and Fears About Vision Loss and Aging

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with attitudes, knowledge, and fear of age-related vision impairment in a representative sample of US adults age 55 and older. Data were obtained from a national telephone survey. Attitudes toward vision impairment and aging were positive, but fears were extensive and knowledge was lacking. Higher socioeconomic status and experience with nonrelated persons who were visually impaired predicted better attitudes and greater knowledge. Being a women and having experience with persons who were visually impaired predicted lower fear. Findings emphasize the importance of accurate knowledge and training about visual impairment for practitioners working with this population.     

莎士比亚悲剧中的女性观

本文通过莎士比亚的晒部罗马悲剧和四大著名悲剧探讨了剧中反映的至高无上的父权意识、贯穿全剧始终的“阉割情节”以及莎翁笔下的两极化的女性形象，从而认为莎士比亚在其悲剧中反映的女性观是保守的、守旧的。比其在喜剧中反映的女性观更具有悲观性和失望感。     

Fear and Urban Planning in Ordinary Cities: From Theory to Practice

The paper complements Abu-Orf's theory about violent settings by setting out a theory of fear in urban planning in ordinary urban contexts around three arguments: spatialization of fear; (modernist) spatialities and the encounter and political economies of urban fear. The three theoretical arguments are used to re-frame the planning history of Chelas, an affordable housing district in Lisbon, Portugal, and debate the way fear shapes, and is shaped in turn by, planning practice. Confirming that (growing) fear in ordinary urban contexts is not just an effect of the contemporary organization of cities, the paper argues for a theorization of fear that combines global (hegemonic) and a local (discursive/contingent) perspectives in the theorization of urban fear, and advocates for the need to put fear, and its capacity to create a crisis in urban policy, at the heart of planners' agendas.     

出口导向、浮动恐惧与全球经济失衡

在国际收支货币分析方法的基础上,推导一个主权货币作为国际储备货币条件下全球经济失衡的模型,从出口导向、浮动恐惧、国际美元储备和美元环流角度对全球经济失衡进行分析。把全球的国家分为储备货币国和非储备货币国。由于存在“浮动恐惧”,非储备货币国对储备货币国往往采用事实上的固定汇率制。非储备货币国如果希望通过出口导向战略来促进经济增长,则需要以非储备货币国国内信用创造或国际储备不断增长为条件。在经历了20世纪80年代后多次金融危机,越来越多的国家不再采用国内信用创造增长的方式而采用积累国际储备的方式来促进经济增长,这导致了非储备货币国的国际储备越来越多。同时,根据储备货币国家和非储备货币国家的对应关系,储备货币国的经常账户会产生逆差。非储备货币国家的国际储备又通过资本和金融账户流回到储备货币国,储备货币国产生了大量的对外负债。这种情况的持续导致了全球经济失衡。     

《女勇士》中“鬼”的文学意义

《女勇士》是美籍华人汤婷婷的自传体小说,描述了在成长过程中她与美国社会和中国移民群体之间以及两种文化之间相互产生的矛盾与冲突,当对立的一方在精神和观念上威胁到另一方,或者打破了对方传统社会习俗的法规和准则,以至于伤害到对方的感情并引发精神上的羞辱感和恐惧感,那么在对方的眼里,这一方就是“鬼”。因此“鬼”的本质是对立面———个人或群体之间矛盾与冲突的文学象征。     

论《水浒传》后两回的悲剧美

《水浒传》最后两回有一种倒贯全书的气势,使全书变成一出千古悲剧。两回书主要以塑造悲剧人物形象为核心,体现悲剧的美。由描写两组悲剧人物的结局为开端,中间反复描写悲中有喜、喜中有悲、悲喜交集等几类人物,最后推出最具悲剧性格的两组人物,形成波澜起伏的悲剧情节,激起读者各种各样的情感,最大限度地发挥悲剧的审美作用,显示出极高的审美价值。     

对考试后果的担忧:中国与美国中学生的比较研究

在调查和分析中国与美国14-15岁的中学生对重要考试的后果的担忧情况的基础上，比较了两国学生的担忧水平，考察了由于父母、教师、同学或自身的原因而导致的担忧，并分析了两个国家的学生在这些担忧上的性别差异。两国学生在父母原因方面的担忧程度均较高。对于中国学生．考试焦虑的第二个原因是教师；面对美国学生，第二焦虑原因来自自身。中国学生的性别与对重要考试的担忧没有明显联系；而在美国，女生比男生的担忧程度要高。     

美国心态与美国言辞

分析了美国心态的四大特征：过份敏感、恐惧、假正经和虚荣以及在美国语言中由此产生的众多言辞；指出该四种心态虽不实事求是，但在美国人的现实生活中具有积极意义。它们证实了美国心态中非常重要的心理因素──乐观进取的精神。分析了美国人获得这种精神的历史和社会背景。这些典型美国言辞除了外延意义外，还获得到了反映美国人的情绪，伦理道德．价值取向，文明程度或人际关系等丰富内涵。     

Altruistic and Vicarious Fear of Crime: Fear for Others and Gendered Social Roles

Fear for others as distinct from personal fear is an understudied phenomenon. Relying on qualitative data, this paper explores gender differences in fear for others and identifies differences linked to social roles. For men, a paternal protector role characterized fears expressed mostly for their wives. For women, a maternal caretaker role characterized fears expressed for their children, elderly parents, and siblings. This paper offers a new way to conceptualize fear for others based on making distinctions between the object of fear and active or nonactive responses: kinship-based altruistic fear, kinship-based vicarious fear, general altruistic fear, and general vicarious fear.