论民事诉讼程序中的个人主体性——以程序利益与程序主体的关系为视角

国家主体型、国家—个人主体型和个人主体型三种不同类型的程序主体性,反应了诉讼程序从国家控制到个体的人的自由的发展趋势。现代诉讼程序强调程序主体的个人主体性,个体的人应当成为程序独立的自主、自在性主体,这就需要其在诉讼程序中具有独立的属己利益支撑。民事诉讼程序应当淡化国家色彩,以个人的程序利益保障为基点,实现个人的独立性程序地位,进而使民事诉讼程序获得真正的独立性。     

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Among Females in Drug Addiction Treatment

The aim of this study is to measure and describe symptoms of eating disorders among females in treatment for drug addiction in Norway. Previous clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed coprevalence between eating disorders and substance use or abuse. However, few studies have measured eating disorders in drug-using samples and even fewer within the context of drug treatment. In this study, 29 females with drug use disorder in residential treatment were tested with the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. A subgroup of 9 females (31%) with significant symptoms of eating disorders was identified. The characteristics of this group and possible clinical consequences are discussed.     

学习迁移的系统理论:PPEE理论模型的建构和意义

学习是人类社会永恒的主题。为了更好地利用过去的经验，增强学习效果，个人和组织进行学习迁移具有重要意义。学习迁移是指将在以往通过学习或解决问题所获得的经验，用于解决之后所遇到的问题。本文力图建立系统的学习迁移理论，研究人、问题、环境的因素对于学习迁移的影响。本文采用理论推导的研究方法，在前人研究的基础上，提出相应的理论模型。本文运用系统的观点，构建了学习迁移的PPEE理论模型，认为人的因素、问题的因素、人和问题的交互作用、以及环境的调节作用，会共同影响学习迁移的效果。本理论主要从五个方面论述学习迁移的机制。首先，将人的因素按照不同层面划分为后端基本能力、中端心理过程、前端知识结构，讨论了其各自对学习迁移效果的直接影响。其次，将问题的因素划分为形象相似性和抽象相似性，并根据这两个维度构建了四种问题间关系类型，并探究了其与学习迁移效果之间的关系。第三，同时考虑人的因素和问题的因素，研究了二者之间的互动对于学习迁移效果的影响。第四，将环境因素划分为时间紧迫性和空间重要性两个维度，探讨了人和环境，以及问题和环境之间的互动对学习迁移效果的影响。第五，基于系统整体的方面，研究人、问题、环境三者之间的互动对学习迁移效果的交互影响。本文还认为，该模型不仅适用于个人，也同样适用于团队、组织、地区、甚至国家和社会等各个层面，影响各个层面主体的学习迁移。本文最后总结了研究的理论和实践贡献，并提出了未来研究课题。本文对丰富学习理论、特别是学习迁移理论，以及推动教育和管理实践的发展进步具有重要的意义。     

女性特色教育与女性性别学科问题关系研究

高等教育中存在的女性性别学科问题一直困扰着人们,此问题的产生有女性生理、心理方面的原因,也有社会文化方面的原因,其中最主要的原因在于过去的教育模式中存在男性中心主义倾向,某些学科体系的构建不适合女性学习。引入女性特色教育,可以根据女性身心特点,选择、建构适合女性学习的学科体系,改变性别意识缺失的高等教育现状,对无社会性别意识教育进行有效纠偏。     

女性创业动机变迁与自我发展

选取浙江省杭州市20名创业女性为访谈对象的创业动机变迁研究显示,在2005年之前,女性创业动机以"推式动机"为多,而自2006年始,女性创业动机呈现出以"拉式动机"为主的趋势。这种变化主要与女性受教育程度提高、个性更为独立、追求更为自由的发展空间等相关。女性创业动机的变化趋势,在很大程度上反映了女性自我发展正趋向更高的水平。     

Female Consciousness in Jane Eyre

Charlotte Bront is a remarkable women writer in the 19th-century English literature. Jane Eyre received comprehensive attention. This thesis analyzes main characters from three aspects, Jane Eyre＇s female consciousness, pursuit of equality, freedom and presents the limitation in Jane Eyre. It also examines the nature of Charlotte Bront？＇s pioneering female consciousness and demonstrates its positive development.     

Women's participation in self‐help groups as a pathway to women's empowerment: A case of Nepal

Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and the government of Nepal have made some effort to reduce poverty in Nepal by creating women's affiliation groups, some of which are micro‐credit organizations. Using capabilities as defined by Amartya Sen (Development as freedom, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000), which includes employment opportunities, women's ownership in productive resources such as land and/or homes, educational opportunities, and women's participation in decision‐making in the family, this study evaluated the extent to which women's ethnic group or caste affiliation affected a woman's likelihood of being empowered by participation in these groups. We analyzed a sample of 8,973 women which was taken from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Previous research has demonstrated that participation in gender‐based groups is correlated with higher economic status. This study adds to the literature on women's affiliation groups by investigating the impact of structural factors, such as caste and ethnicity, on women's self‐help group participation (women's groups and credit groups).     

Is prenatal sex selection associated with lower female child mortality?

I examine whether prenatal sex selection has substituted postnatal excess female mortality by analysing the dynamics of child sex ratios between 1980 and 2015 using country-level life table data. I decompose changes in child sex ratios into a ‘fertility’ component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a ‘mortality’ component attributable to sex differentials in postnatal survival. Although reductions in numbers of excess female deaths have accompanied increases in missing female births in all countries experiencing the emergence of prenatal sex selection, relative excess female mortality has persisted in some countries but not others. In South Korea, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, mortality reductions favouring girls accompanied increases in prenatal sex selection. In India, excess female mortality was much higher and largely stable as prenatal sex selection emerged, but slight reductions were seen in the 2000s. In China, although absolute measures showed reductions, relative excess female mortality persisted as prenatal sex selection increased.     

一个人的绞刑架——从苔丝看哈代的悲剧观

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家托马斯.哈代的悲剧代表作。透过作品品读作者哈代的悲剧观,这种悲剧观不是让人痛让人哭,而是让人以一种淡淡的忧伤感受悲观,以局外人的淡定感受一种注定如此、必然这样的悲剧生成。哈代通过笔下的人物让读者看到他对待悲剧的态度,直接面对并坦然接受这种结局。     

基于分层教学理论的高职高专公共英语教改探索

针对高职高专院校学生生源的层次差异,英语教学可采用分层教学,即根据学生个体差异,将学生分成不同水平的班组,制订不同的计划、目标和方法进行教学。分层教学能够使更多的学生在各自基础上得到最为有效、合理的发展,使各类学生的潜能都能得到最大程度的开发。分层教学实施过程中,要注意制订科学合理的分层方案,进行科学有效的管理,注重教师教育科研水平的提升。