The Race to the Bottom of the Glass? Wine,Geography, and Globalization

The wine industry is becoming increasingly globalized as consumer demand, capital investment, and industry restructuring lead to higher volumes of trade, greater levels of multinational ownership, and the evolution of new networks of production and consumption that link the four corners of the world economy. While there are some tendencies towards increasingly homogenized and low-cost production, wine is an industry that exemplifies the complex and contradictory elements of globalization. This article outlines some key parameters of globalization drawing on empirical evidence from key cases. In particular, it focuses on the role of geography and how place and scale matter in production, marketing, and consumption. As globalization unfolds, restructuring in the wine industry is leading to the increased economic and social differentiation of rural space. The resultant geographies of place are influenced by a complex combination of local development history, national policy context, and the nature of the insertion of the given locality into global value chains for wine. As such, globalization has and will continue to produce increasingly complex and intricate geographies.

La industria del vino se ha venido globalizando cada vez más como una demanda del consumidor, inversión de capital y la restructuración de la industria da lugar a mayores volúmenes de comercio, mayores niveles de participación multinacional, y la evolución de nuevas redes de producción y consumo que unen las cuatro esquinas de la economía mundial. Mientras hay algunas tendencias hacia una producción cada vez más homogenizada y de bajo costo, el vino es una industria que ejemplifica los elementos complejos y contradictorios de la globalización. Este artículo subraya algunos parámetros claves de globalización sobre la base empírica de casos claves. Se enfoca particularmente en el rol de la geografía y cómo el lugar y la escala importan en la producción, mercadeo y consumo. A medida que la globalización evoluciona, la restructuración de la industria del vino da origen a un aumento en la diferenciación social y económica del espacio rural. Las geografías resultantes del lugar están influenciadas por una combinación compleja del desarrollo de la historia local, el contexto de la política nacional y la naturaleza de la inserción de la localidad dada, dentro de las redes del valor global para el vino. Como tal, la globalización ha producido y seguirá produciendo cada vez más complejas e intrincadas geografías.

葡萄酒产业正变得越来越全球化,消费需求、资本投入和产业结构重组都导致更高的贸易额、更扩大的跨国公司所有权以及连接世界经济各个角落的生产与消费新网络的演进。当存在日益同质化、低成本生产的一些趋势时,葡萄酒成为一种表征全球化复杂和矛盾要素的产业。本文通过引用来自关键案例的经验性证据来概括全球化的一些关键性参数。尤其是,本文关注地理扮演的角色以及地理位置和规模在生产、销售、消费中如何起作用。随着全球化的展开,葡萄酒产业的结构重组正导致乡村之间更大的经济和社会差异。其结果,一个地方的地理布局正受到当地发展的历史、国家政策背景以及特定地方纳入全球葡萄酒价值链的性质所形成复杂组合体的影响。因此,全球化已经并将继续产生更为错综复杂的地缘情况。

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‘If we stop,the world stops’: the 2018 feminist strike in Spain

ABSTRACT

Under the slogan ‘If we stop, the world stops’, the Spanish feminist movement organized a 24-hour labour, education, care and consumption women’s strike on 8 March 2018 that amazed both international and national public opinion. After all, Spain has traditionally been a Catholic country and its feminist movement is barely institutionalized, lacking both structure and funding. The present profile sets out to account for the 8M strike and points to a long organization process within a broad protest cycle as keys to its success.     

Governability and Women's Citizenship

SUMMARY

The fragility of Latin American democracies places the subject of gendered citizenship as an important issue in the context of a most needed democratic governability. This article first develops a proposed nexus between democratic governability and gender equality and assumes the need to place women within a universe of citizenship, as an inherently inclusive democratic perspective would require. We emphasize what we see as women's citizenship deficit according to a traditional definition of the political. The second part of the article analyzes the insertion of Mexican women in the construction of citizenship on the basis of empirical material drawn from the second National Survey on Political Culture and Practice of Citizenship. We then present some conclusions, with an eye on what Victoria Camps has called the public virtues, such as solidarity, responsibility and tolerance, as democratic values of the first order and as characteristics of a gendered citizenship within new political spaces. We believe the fragile democracies of Latin America and the important quality of democratic governability can be strengthened if a new form of gendered citizenship, more inclusive of women's concerns and practices, is recognized and nurtured.     

西方女性主义文学的滥觞：多丽丝·莱辛与女性批评

作为20世纪英国女性主义文学的经典作家，多丽丝·莱辛以女性特有的视角创作出风格独特多变、思想深邃、观点犀利、见解新颖、极具挑战性的文学作品。本文将通过莱辛作品中人物所反映的两性关系，揭示传统与现代的反叛意义和她的女性主义思想。在研究莱辛所表达的女性主体意识及觉醒的同时挖掘她对西方女性主义批评的超越。     

白城市初中地理课程资源开发利用问题的研究

本文通过对白城市初中地理课程资源开发利用现状的调查,分析了初中地理课程资源开发利用中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了初中地理课程资源开发利用对策。     

美国黑人女性文学中的文化身份与边缘创作研究

黑人女性文学中对文化身份的寻找、定义与建构打破了传统僵化的、白人主流的、父权制文化框定的族群文化身份,代之以流动的、差异的、主体的黑人女性生存体验,给主流文化带来了创新式变革。黑人女性作家采用黑人种族与文化的边缘性给予她们的特殊有利位置成功地改写了黑人女性文学与批评被边缘化的命运。     

近五年郁达夫研究述评

本文搜集了近五年郁达夫研究论文,根据研究方法的异同,粗略地进行整理分类,找出其中的长短之处,以期给后来的研究提供一些有价值的意见和建议。     

What Impact Do Contextual Variables Have on the Changing Geography of Mortality in Italy?

Using data for 94 provinces, three periods (1971–1973, 1981–1983 and 1991–1993), and for men and women, we present an interesting picture of the geography of adult and elderly mortality by cause of death in Italy. This picture brings into focus the North/South gap that has yet again emerged, this time in gender differences in mortality. Particular attention is given to mortality from those causes that would appear to depend on the geographical context and that have a greater role to play in overall mortality differences. We then define which causes of death have changed the geographic pattern in the period considered. Lastly we study the relationship between mortality by cause and socio-economic, health care, environmental, cultural, and nutritional variables. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Toward a Dialectical Model of Family Gender Discourse: Body,Identity, and Sexuality

The goal of this article is to propose a dialectical model representing gender discourse in families. A brief review of literature in sociology, psychology, and gender studies focuses on three dialectical issues: nature versus culture, similarity versus difference, and stability versus fluidity. Deconstructing gender theories from a postmodern feminist perspective, the authors discuss agency and context in families' gender discourse. Narrative excerpts from interviews with an adolescent daughter and her mother illustrate three emergent themes in the social construction of gender: body, identity, and sexuality. The article concludes with recommendations for family researchers.