《冥报记》报应故事中的隋唐西京影像

《冥报记》所述相关史事关系到隋唐西京即大兴城和长安城的地理建置问题。作者唐临的家世渊源和他本人的生长环境与受学做官的履历,使其具备充分的条件,熟悉隋唐时期长安城的宫宇寺观、街巷坊曲,书中所记诸如故事发生的场所等与因果报应并无直接关联的具体事项,大体可以视同信史,藉以复原隋大兴城和唐长安城的面貌。隋大兴城建成之初,达官贵人在选择宅第位置时,呈现出比较明显的重西轻东倾向,即更多的人是偏好居住在城区的西部,这与唐代中期以后长安城内居民更多偏好选择东部的情况,形成鲜明的对照,而这正是中国古代城市内部结构的一项重大改变,隋人应是承自先秦时期沿袭下来的“尊长在西”的观念。看似无比严整的隋唐西京坊里制,在其始建之初,即已为日后的瓦解种下了必然的因缘,这就是隋大兴城中的居民,实际上是经常舍大街不行而以坊里内部的街道为正途,并利用街道两旁的生活服务设施,这些坊里内部的街道,实质上与坊里制崩溃以后城市街道的性质颇为相似。过去在研究唐宋之际坊市制度的变迁时,大多只关注临街开门开店现象的出现和增长,而坊里内部街道与坊外大街之间的地位变换,实际上在这当中也发挥着至关重要的作用。     

Trade options for a small open economy: The different impact of Taiwan exports to China and to other countries

This study aims to explore advantageous trade arrangements for a small open economy. To discover the arrangement, the fundamental question to ask is how trade affects a small economy. Due to the differential factor mobility, the two main streams of trade theory—new economic geography and comparative advantage—make divergent predictions of trade effects. This study identifies the differences in factor mobility and distinguishes the differential impacts of exports to China and other countries on Taiwan’s manufacturing clusters. Using Taiwan’s 2006 and 2011 census data and trade statistics, this study applies the two-stage least squares method to test the differential impacts. The findings reveal that the growth in Taiwan’s exports to other countries significantly increased the employment level of manufacturing clusters in Taiwan. However, such effects have not been found for exports to China. The lack of response in Taiwan’s local employment to exports to China can be inferred as a short-term exhibition of the long-run core-periphery effect. The policy implication of this study is that trade involving low factor mobility is more beneficial than that involving high factor mobility for a small open economy. Thus, for a small economy, trade liberalization that will ‘not’ attract large factor outflows from the small economy is more desirable.     

反控制叙述:凝视的倒错——对长篇历史小说《盂兰变》的女性主义解读

在一个由性别不平等所构造的世界中,"凝视"是男性的特权,而女性身体通常成为男性凝视捕捉的欲望对象。在达斡尔族女作家孟晖的长篇历史小说《盂兰变》中,作者以女性的视角试图掌控并进而解构"凝视"的权力,并在此基础上试图分解那些建构在性别差异基础之上的严格且不容僭越的二元对立。女性作者的努力让我们看到了女性写作的智慧、力量及前景,在不断跨越边界的、不断自我质疑的过程中实现一次次地超越。