What can we learn from twin studies? A comprehensive evaluation of the equal environments assumption

Twin studies are a major source of information about genetic effects on behavior, but they depend on a controversial assumption known as the equal environments assumption (EEA): that similarity in co-twins’ environments is not predictive of similarity in co-twin outcomes. Although evidence has largely supported the EEA, critics have claimed that environmental similarity has not been measured well, and most studies of the EEA have focused on outcomes related to health and psychology. This article addresses these limitations through (1) a reanalysis of data from the most cited study of the EEA, Loehlin and Nichols (1976), using better measures, and through (2) an analysis of nationally representative twin data from MIDUS using more comprehensive controls on a wider variety of outcomes than previous studies. Results support a middle ground position; it is likely that the EEA is not strictly valid for most outcomes, but the resulting bias is likely modest.     

论我国国外马克思主义研究的三个核心问题——兼论我国国外马克思主义研究的自我身份认同

研究边界的日益模糊、研究对象选择的随意性和研究方法的非历史性,是制约我国国外马克思主义研究进一步走向深入的三大核心问题。应当对国外马克思主义研究的边界和理论性质作大致明确的规定,并且立足于推进中国马克思主义理论建设和现代化实践这一目的出发,破除形而上学的两极思维方式,展开对国外马克思主义理论的研究,实现国外马克思主义研究在当代中国的价值。     

Effective eProcurement implementation process

As eProcurement is gaining popularity in business practice, researchers as well as practitioners have addressed the need of defining a proper eProcurement implementation strategy. This article aims to build an eProcurement implementation framework, which considers the main variables that have an impact on the eProcurement success and the links among them. The goal is to identify the main decisions that companies should take during the three principal phases of the eProcurement adoption (pre-implementation; implementation and post-implementation). Six case studies at different levels of eProcurement adoption have been used to identify the peculiarities of each phase of the process and to provide contingent guidelines.     

Marginal homogeneity,symmetry, and independence

A contingency table of the mc form provides a convenient summary of data when c individuals in a matched set9 each belonging to a different one of c classifications, are identified as belonging to one of m categories, A study in which matched sets (c=3) of 1 case, 1 hospital control, and 1 neighborhood control are classified into one of m=4 occupational categories would be an example, Independence in the cxm tables for each of the matched sets implies symmetry in the summary mc table with consequent marginal homogeneity. Adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure for testing independence to the case of many cxm tables so as to yield a chi square with (cl)(ml) degrees of freedom (DF) provides a test of marginal homogeneity in the summary mc table. This can be viewed as a test of symmetry directed against alternatives which would make for marginal inhomogeneity and can differ     

民族社会学视野下的回族女性研究

回族女性研究是中国妇女研究的重要组成部分,20世纪90年代以来,中国回族女性研究取得了长足的进步和发展。本文着力于回顾既往回族女性研究中所涉及的诸多问题展开历史追溯与反思,就回族女性研究的内涵、研究的对象与范围、研究的意义与作用、研究的方法、理论构建、学术素养等学术界较为关注的几个问题进行了论述,在追溯中反思我们今后研究的拓展方向,力求为未来回族女性的发展提供一定参考。     

近十年来土族研究综述

本文从历史、语言文字、文学艺术、宗教文化、婚姻家庭、经济发展等方面 ,对土族近十年来的研究状况作了总结 ,可资参考     

北亚突厥百年研究(1900-2000年)

突厥是生活在我国北方的一个游牧民族。其在公元六世纪中叶,兴起于今新疆东北部,势力扩大到漠北、漠南及中亚一带,衰于八世纪中叶。本文综述阿尔泰以东的突厥即传统上所说的东突厥的范围近百余年的研究。包括族源、族属、社会性质、社会经济、语言、文字、习俗、宗教、碑文、官号、与周边各族各国间的关系和其他方面的内容。通过这些研究,可以发现我国学者在百年来对突厥巨大成就,使国际学术同行了解我国学者在这一领域取得的成果,促进此方面的进一步研究。该文可能对方家一些著述有遗漏,或者评述失当之处,请予指教。     

Intergenerational class mobility in contemporary Britain: political concerns and empirical findings

In Britain in recent years social mobility has become a topic of central political concern, primarily as a result of the effort made by New Labour to make equality of opportunity rather than equality of condition a focus of policy. Questions of the level, pattern and trend of mobility thus bear directly on the relevance of New Labour's policy analysis, and in turn are likely be crucial to the evaluation of its performance in government. However, politically motivated discussion of social mobility often reveals an inadequate grasp of both empirical and analytical issues. We provide new evidence relevant to the assessment of social mobility - in particular, intergenerational class mobility - in contemporary Britain through cross-cohort analyses based on the NCDS and BCS datasets which we can relate to earlier cross-sectional analyses based on the GHS. We find that, contrary to what seems now widely supposed, there is no evidence that absolute mobility rates are falling; but, for men, the balance of upward and downward movement is becoming less favourable. This is overwhelmingly the result of class structural change. Relative mobility rates, for both men and women, remain essentially constant, although there are possible indications of a declining propensity for long-range mobility. We conclude that under present day structural conditions there can be no return to the generally rising rates of upward mobility that characterized the middle decades of the twentieth century - unless this is achieved through changing relative rates in the direction of greater equality or, that is, of greater fluidity. But this would then produce rising rates of downward mobility to exactly the same extent - an outcome apparently unappreciated by, and unlikely to be congenial to, politicians preoccupied with winning the electoral 'middle ground'.     

英国马克思主义美学在中国的译介与研究

目前,中国学术界对英国马克思主义美学著作的译介与研究存在着不均衡的局面,即译介正在走向繁荣,而研究却相对薄弱。本文认为,在英国马克思主义美学著作的译介和研究过程中还存在探讨不够深入、留有空白领域、忽视方法论的研究与转换等问题,今后应予以修正与完善。     

论梁启超的"应用佛学"与其小说观之关系

对梁启超的“应用佛学”思想及其小说观,学界都多有论述,然而却很少有人将二者结合起来,指出其佛学思想与其小说观的关系。细读梁启超两篇小说文论《论小说与群治之关系》与《告小说家,》发现梁启超的小说观与他的“应用佛学”关系紧密。梁启超运用他心目中的佛学宗旨、思维、术语来比附解释他心目中的新小说宗旨、特征、作用。梁启超以佛学论小说来源于传统又超越传统,具有强烈的功用色彩。