惯习与理性的张力——布迪厄社会本体论的“模糊逻辑”

在以“场域”和“惯习”概念为核心的实践理论以及符号资本和符号权力理论中,布迪厄似乎将马克思主义的决定论重新引入了社会学,在这一点上,称布迪厄为新马克思主义者是有道理的。但是,在反思社会学中,布迪厄倡导和实践的批判态度却表明了他对社会的另一种想象,即认为社会是在“理性”的掌控之下。这种“理性”并非他自己所说的“历史主义的理性”,而是无条件的反思和批判精神。由此,布迪厄的社会本体论体现为惯习与理性之间的张力,在某种程度上,正是这种本体论上的辩证性是其理论优势所在。     

邬焜先生“信息价值论”质疑

邬焜先生在“信息本体论”、“信息认识论”、“信息进化论”的基础上,推导出“信息价值论”。行文的基本特点是：一是重复了以往的逻辑错误,使物质（物质结构）成为没有实际认知内容的空壳。既想把信息（信息结构）从事物本体中剥离出来,但又难以剥离。时而说客体（物质）的本体无信息,信息在中介粒子场（信息场）里;时而说“所有的物体”的“物质体”与“信息体”两者同体;可谓先是后非。二是在解读信息价值时,貌似谈信息（信息结构）,实则在谈物质（物质结构）,将事物的相互作用归结为中介粒子场（信息场）,使信息成为“变相的物质”,传统哲学的“物质价值论”变成了“信息价值论”。     

For good and country: nationalism and the diffusion of humanitarianism in the late nineteenth century

Despite the growing interest in transnational fields and their influence on national-level dynamics, existing literature has not yet addressed the processes involved in creating such fields in the first place. This article provides insight into the complexities involved in national–transnational interactions amidst national and transnational field formation. It examines the nascent transnational humanitarian field of the late nineteenth century through the work of the emerging Red Cross Movement in the 1860s–1890s, drawing primarily on the archive of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The findings show that National Red Cross (NRC) societies employed a discourse drawn from a transnational cultural arena in order to gain central positioning in their national fields and to convince other parties of their necessity. Conversely, NRCs used nationalism as a form of symbolic capital in establishing themselves in their national fields, seemingly at odds with their cosmopolitan aspirations. Thus, by contrast to the ideal-typical representation of global humanitarianism as non-national, these findings suggest that nationalism and impartial humanitarianism are historically intertwined. More broadly, the article argues that national-level field dynamics as well as nationalism play important roles in the creation of transnational fields, even when field actors present themselves as acting for universal causes.     

Social Work Students ‘Juggling’ Field Placement

Field education is widely acknowledged as a central component of social work education. However, it requires a substantial commitment of time and energy from students which can present challenges to students who have multiple responsibilities. Based on a literature review conducted in preparation for doctoral research into social work student experience of juggling multiple roles and responsibilities with field placement, this article summarises what is known about the challenges they face and what helps them to complete placement. The findings have implications for students, schools of social work and field placement agencies. Further research should provide guidance for professional social work bodies, schools of social work, field educators and students.     

The Venezuelan Government and the Global Field: The Legislative Battle over Foreign Funding for Nongovernmental Organizations

In recent years, several governments have targeted nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) by enacting legislation that prohibits foreign funding for them. This article uses diplomatic cables, newspaper articles, and interviews with representatives from NGOs and donors to explain the Venezuelan government's passage of legislation prohibiting foreign funding for political NGOs in 2010. Existent political, sociological, and globalization‐oriented theories fail to explain the passage and timing of this legislation. Instead, I utilize and extend global fields theory to examine the Venezuelan government's redirection of its foreign relations, which I argue generated the political opportunity for the government to pass this legislation. I show that the government initially remained keyed into a global subfield involving groups that successfully pressured it to reconsider a more radical form of legislation prohibiting direct foreign funding for all NGOs when it came up for discussion in 2006, including the U.S. and Western European governments, and domestic NGOs. By 2010, however, the government had become embedded within a global subfield involving authoritarian and anti‐imperial governments that had already passed similar legislation, and domestic community councils. These newfound relations insulated the government from reconsideration and allowed it the political opportunity to pass a new, less radical piece of legislation.     

论著作权的起源、演变与发展

本文详尽论述了著作权的起源、发展及其演变 ,认为著作权法在作者死亡之后仍保护其著作人身权 ,实为保护作者的亲属及公序良俗 ;至于法律在作品进入公有领域后仍保护作者的署名权及保护作品完整权 ,则是为了维护民族文化的统一性及其完整性     

《西游记》研究的视点西移及其文化纵深预期

“视点西移”指近20多年来《西游记》研究的目光投向了由“西域”这个概念扭结起来的历史、地理、宗教、民俗等领域。对《大唐三藏取经诗话》的误读,是近百年来《西游记》研究踟蹰不前的根本原因;而纠正误读之后,《西游记》研究打开了相当多的全新领域,一个复杂丰富,舒展有序而又能够融受现有基础资料的成书演化线路也被初步勾勒出来。对于更具文化纵深的进展,我们有理由期待。     

海南农村土地流转改革的发展策略

本文论述海南农村土地流转改革发展策略的相关问题。     

传统立轴式大风车及其龙骨水车之调查与复原

2004—2006年,中国科学院自然科学史研究所与台湾南台科技大学等单位在苏北联合开展中国立轴式大风车的复原与调查。项目已经在若干方面取得了进展:寻访到陈亚等当年制作、维修风车的木匠;遵循传统工艺和传统用料,按照1∶1的比例复原了一部具备实用功能的大风车及一部受之驱动的龙骨水车;考察了与风车有关的民俗。主要记叙此次调查与复原制作的过程,并初步探讨技术田野调查与复原研究的方法。     

我校测控技术与仪器专业办学特色探讨

本着"大工程"教育理念,结合"测控技术与仪器专业"发展历史及我校机电学院的特点,对我校测控技术与仪器专业的办学特色进行了讨论。为落实我校"立足河北,面向全国,服务艰苦行业,服务地方基层"的办学定位,我们将测控专业的办学特色定位为"以现代企业要求为根本,以大型机械设备(生产线)综合测控系统开发、典型仪器仪表设计制造为主线,以矿山机械、工程机械测控系统开发为特色",主要面向煤炭和冶金矿山等艰苦行业,培养设备综合测控系统和典型仪器仪表研究开发等方面的人才。