中国小说现代转型的历史性出场--"问题小说"新论

问题小说创作热,作为新文学运动早期的一个突出的文学现象,不应该从"文体"和"题材"的角度来理解,而应该看问题小说在处理"问题"与"小说"的关系上,在哪些方面超越了中国传统小说和近代小说.问题小说展示一种新的小说观,并初步确立了一种新的提问法则和提问的自主性,对中国现代文学的发展起到了重要的奠基作用.     

空间介词语义延伸的认知阐释

以原型理论、隐喻认知机制为支点,探讨空间介词语义延伸的心理认知过程,我们发现,介词语义是以“空间”原型为认知参照点,以家族相似性不断向外扩展延伸;隐喻认知机制使空间介词具有巨大的语义生成力;语义场是实施空间介词语义延伸的保障。     

裸眼完井下的大位移井裂缝起裂研究

随着大位移井数量的增加,大位移井压裂逐渐成为油气藏的一种重要增产技术手段。大位移井水力压裂裂缝起裂与直井、普通定向井有显著差别,其起裂模式不仅与井眼轨迹(井斜角、方位角等) 有关,而且还与地应力方位密切相关。以往的斜井裂缝起裂模式已经不能满足大位移井压裂设计的需要。考虑作业条件、压裂液渗滤效应和孔隙压力的影响,建立了大位移井井筒周围应力场分布模型,提出了裂缝起裂压力和起裂方位预测模型,并分析了不同构造应力范围对大位移井压裂裂缝起裂的影响。计算结果表明,建立的模型完全适用于大位移井压裂设计的需要。     

应用文作者的“三度”

随着时代的发展,应用文写作也在不断地发展创新,这就对应用文写作者的必备素养提出了更高的要求,作为与时代同步的写作者,应当具备中国传统文化、精神的"厚度";具备对国家政治背景,国际环境等过去与时政的"深度";具备知识、文学修养、科学文化知识的"广度".同时具备"三度"的写作者,才能与时代同发展,共进步.     

精准扶贫的实践 ——基于布尔迪厄实践逻辑理论

我国的扶贫开发长期存在着贫困人口底数不清、情况不明,针对性不强,扶贫资金和项目指向不准等问题,这种“漫灌输血”式粗放扶贫导致贫困人口脱贫缺乏持久性。通过对布尔迪厄实践理论中资本、习性、场域三个核心概念的解读,基于资本、习性和场域之间的双向互构关系,安徽省无为县指导开展了帮助村民脱贫致富的精准扶贫实践,即精准扶贫实践=(贫困户资本×贫困户习性)+相关场域,为精准扶贫实践开启了新的研究视角。     

On the Correlation Structure of Gaussian Copula Models for Geostatistical Count Data

We describe a class of random field models for geostatistical count data based on Gaussian copulas. Unlike hierarchical Poisson models often used to describe this type of data, Gaussian copula models allow a more direct modelling of the marginal distributions and association structure of the count data. We study in detail the correlation structure of these random fields when the family of marginal distributions is either negative binomial or zero‐inflated Poisson; these represent two types of overdispersion often encountered in geostatistical count data. We also contrast the correlation structure of one of these Gaussian copula models with that of a hierarchical Poisson model having the same family of marginal distributions, and show that the former is more flexible than the latter in terms of range of feasible correlation, sensitivity to the mean function and modelling of isotropy. An exploratory analysis of a dataset of Japanese beetle larvae counts illustrate some of the findings. All of these investigations show that Gaussian copula models are useful alternatives to hierarchical Poisson models, specially for geostatistical count data that display substantial correlation and small overdispersion.     

议事协调机构与基层减负：基于组织场域理论的逻辑探析

作为非常规性的组织体系,议事协调机构在基层治理中发挥着有效的统筹与协调作用,是国家治理机制方面的创新。从组织场域的理论视角出发通过案例研究对议事协调机构进行分析,发现僵化的职责同构体系使得议事协调机构总量庞大,缺乏地方适应性和创新性;任务与编制压力向下传导使得基层工作应接不暇;常规性的组织体系与非常规性组织体系信息不对称导致基层疲于资料留痕;议事协调机构成员单位数量的泛化使基层的负担进一步加重。面对上述难题,有必要进一步完善议事协调机构的设置规则并强化办事章程,从而为基层减负创造良好的组织场域。     

Student perceptions of the learning process during undergraduate field practicum: a qualitative study

As social work education in China expands rapidly since 2000, field practicum is one of the most challenging areas. This qualitative study explored the field learning experiences of 27 students from a pioneer social work undergraduate program. Analysis resulted in six major themes revealing the students’ perspective on the process of learning by performing various practice events during 4-week summer block placements. Discussion focuses on the key features of this learning process. Suggestions for future research and implications for field instruction are included.     

Gendered Constructions of Leadership in Danish Job Advertisements

The purpose of this article is to consider the gender imbalance at top management level from a discourse analytical perspective. More specifically, it investigates the language of 39 Danish top executive job advertisements and considers which leadership identities are projected as desirable or necessary. This is done by carrying out two interlinked studies: a semantic field analysis of the sections in the job advertisements describing the leadership traits of the ideal candidate (Study 1) and a study of MBA students' responses to extracts from the advertisements as far as gender is concerned (Study 2). Semantic field analysis reveals that all the job advertisements are gender‐biased and that most traits described in the advertisements are associated with traditional or stereotypical masculine attributes. Study 2 confirms this finding, as respondents (MBA students) assign a masculine identity to the vast majority of the extracts from the job advertisements.     

合理井身结构设计的新方法研究

盐岩对建井投资风险的影响是国际性普遍问题。考虑盐岩蠕变的井身结构设计研究的关键在于思想方法的更新。为达到这个目的,在常规方法的基础上增加如下考虑因素:一条剖面、一个参数,然后根据压力平衡关系设计出合理的井身结构方案。基本思想是:利用井身结构设计确保钻井过程及油气井开采过程所面临的风险最小,最大限度地延长油井寿命,获取最佳的油气井系统工程综合效益。根据盐岩蠕变规律研究成果,在塔里木油田秋参1井井身结构设计中得到成功应用。