Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden

Espvall M, Dellgran P. Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 84–94 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article explores the experiences of reciprocity and conflicts in social relationships, and how these experiences are related to financial support (loans and gifts) in the wider social network. The balance of exchange within the social network as a whole is considered in relation to socio‐demographic features, financial conditions and the availability of social relationships. The data are drawn from a study of financial support exchange in Sweden based on a representative survey among Swedish citizens (n= 500). The results reveal that people living in economic hardship and who have more problematic life circumstances appear to be at risk of receiving more limited informal financial support and experience more feelings of conflict and nonreciprocal social relations.     

金融危机下中国创业投资“囚徒困境”演化研究

创业投资家和创业企业家的＂囚徒困境＂是制约中国创业投资进一步发展的主要障碍之一。对短期利益的追求和缺乏信任是造成中国创业投资＂囚徒困境＂的两个重要原因。在金融危机背景下,＂囚徒困境＂的演化将朝着有利于创业投资家的方向发展。金融危机虽然能改变博弈的结果,却未能改变＂囚徒困境＂的成因。     

球墨铸铁曲轴的气体软氮化

柴油机的珠墨铸铁曲轴系重要零件,气体软氮化应用到球墨铸铁领域还是一种新工艺,而且比中频淬火效果好,提高了曲轴的抗疲劳和抗磨损的能力。本文对气体软氮化的基本原理、设备、工艺参数的选择和催渗方法进行了探讨,对软氮化后曲轴的尺寸形状误差、光洁度和机械性能的提高等进行了较详细的试验、分析和比较,结果,经气体软氮化后的曲轴不但尺寸形站误差符合图纸要求外,而且抛去轻微氧化层后光洁度还略有提高,曲轴安全系数由1.3～1.6提高到1.70～1.77,并且一般不再发生疲劳断(?),使用寿命比原来寿命增加3.32倍以上。     

z Test for the significance of the mean of a stable probability distribution with 1<α≤2

The analysis of data using a stable probability distribution with tail parameter α<2 (sometimes called a Pareto–Levy distribution) seems to have been avoided in the past in part because of the lack of a significance test for the mean, even though it appears to be the correct distribution to use for describing returns in the financial markets. A z test for the significance of the mean of a stable distribution with tail parameter 1<α≤2 is defined. Tables are calculated and displayed for the 5% and 1% significance levels for a range of tail and skew parameters α and β. Through the use of maximum likelihood estimates, the test becomes a practical tool even when α and β are not that accurately determined. As an example, the z test is applied to the daily closing prices for the Dow Jones Industrial average from 2 January 1940 to 19 March 2010.     

Missing item imputation for quality-of-life instruments with application to asthma quality-of-life questionnaires

There has been increasing use of quality-of-life (QoL) instruments in drug development. Missing item values often occur in QoL data. A common approach to solve this problem is to impute the missing values before scoring. Several imputation procedures, such as imputing with the most correlated item and imputing with a row/column model or an item response model, have been proposed. We examine these procedures using data from two clinical trials, in which the original asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (AQLQ) and the miniAQLQ were used. We propose two modifications to existing procedures: truncating the imputed values to eliminate outliers and using the proportional odds model as the item response model for imputation. We also propose a novel imputation method based on a semi-parametric beta regression so that the imputed value is always in the correct range and illustrate how this approach can easily be implemented in commonly used statistical software. To compare these approaches, we deleted 5% of item values in the data according to three different missingness mechanisms, imputed them using these approaches and compared the imputed values with the true values. Our comparison showed that the row/column-model-based imputation with truncation generally performed better, whereas our new approach had better performance under a number scenarios.     

金融知识差异与我国家庭财富积累

通过应用中国城市家庭消费金融调研数据,本文系统的实证检验了改进后的金融知识指标、经济学专业、金融学专业以及家庭理财规划等因素对家庭各项财富积累的影响,并通过使用合适的工具变量进行两阶段估计,验证了这种正向影响的稳健性。此外,实证结果中家庭理财规划以及理财规划时间跨度的正向边际效应表明,理财规划可能是金融知识差异影响家庭财富积累的重要机制。研究结论有利于更准确地理解居民金融知识差异对于家庭福利,特别是退休福利的影响。     

当前财务公司存在的问题及对策

阐述了我国财务公司的性质和特点；指出并分析了当前我国财务公司存在的业务定位不准，融资渠道狭窄，缺乏人才资源和行政干预过多等主要问题；提出了明确财务公司的定位，拓展金融服务功能，拓宽融资渠道，开发人才资源，制定长远发展战略，提高竞争力和抗风险能力等解决问题的对策。     

浅析集团公司财务管理重点问题

对于集团公司财务管理,为了实现集团总价值最大化的目标,重点在于解决三个问题:一是经营战略上专业化与多元化的协调;二是财务控制中的集权与分权的权衡;三是决策的程序化与灵活性。     

基于 RosettaNet 视角的商业银行金融服务能力跨组织协同流程研究

银行的信息系统原来以削减流程成本、优化流程结构为主要目的,现在需要转向关注应对灵活的商业模式,以及与各类企业的跨界无缝合作,进而能够使用IT优势影响与各类企业的合作模式,帮助银行创造价值。为了应对以上需求,提出了从金融服务嵌入的角度将银行产品进行解构并重构,以RosettaNet的技术经验和视角构建商业银行金融服务能力体系FSIF,并建立跨组织协同工作流模型。     

熵权法和TOPSIS法在高校财政拨款绩效评价中的应用——基于可持续发展视角

高校财政拨款资金的使用效率一直以来都是社会关注的重点,以绩效为导向合理分配高等教育资源,必须进行高校绩效的综合评价。首先,从可持续发展的视角出发,构建了由4个一级指标和11个二级指标组成的高校财政拨款绩效评价的综合评价指标体系;其次,运用熵权法,确定了各项指标的权重;最后,根据2006-2010年相关数据,采用了TOPSIS法对我国72所部属高校财政拨款绩效进行评价,并从可持续发展的角度将评价结果与中国校友会网排名进行对比分析。