Examples of the use of an equivalence theorem in constructing optimum experimental designs for random-effects nonlinear regression models

The problem considered is that of finding an optimum measurement schedule to estimate population parameters in a nonlinear model when the patient effects are random. The paper presents examples of the use of sensitivity functions, derived from the General Equivalence Theorem for D-optimality, in the construction of optimum population designs for such schedules. With independent observations, the theorem applies to the potential inclusion of a single observation. However, in population designs the observations are correlated and the theorem applies to the inclusion of an additional measurement schedule. In one example, three groups of patients of differing size are subject to distinct schedules. Numerical, as opposed to analytical, calculation of the sensitivity function is advocated. The required covariances of the observations are found by simulation.     

Generations,Identities, and the Collective Memory of Che Guevara1

Has the image of Che Guevara lost its power to evoke radical politics in the face of pervasive commodification? The commercialization of this 1960s political icon has called into question the power of the market to shape collective memories. Meanwhile, antisystemic movements of the left continue to erect his image at protest events. In light of this contest over how Che Guevara is remembered, we investigate, using data from a survey of Spanish citizens, who is most likely to recall him. We find qualified support for the theory of generational imprinting—Che is more often recalled by those generations who saw him rise to prominence during their formative years, although prominent as a collective symbol rather than as a living person. Our results also corroborate the claim that historical figures or events are more salient for, and therefore more likely to be remembered by, some subgenerational units than others. Thus, although the younger generations are in general more likely than their elders to recall Che, he is most frequently remembered by the highly educated leftists who espouse postmaterialist and posttraditionalist values and identify more with their local regions than with the nation of Spain. These patterns suggest that, in contrast to the dire predictions of mass culture theorists, the memory of Che Guevara has become increasingly tied to markers of social, ethnic‐regional, and political identity.     

ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.     

Alternative boundaries for CUSUM tests

Alternative boundaries for the common Recursive (or Standard) CUSUM test and the OLS-based CUSUM test for structural change are suggested and their properties are examined by simulation of expectedp values. The poor power of the tests for early and late structural changes can be improved for the OLS-based version, whereas this weakness of the Recursive CUSUM test cannot be overcome by the new boundaries. Research supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under grant SFB#010 (‘Adaptive Information Systems and Modeling in Economics and Management Science’).     

马克思的劳动价值论及在新经济时代的发展

马克思的劳动价值理论不仅是科学的,而且避免了主流经济学关于供求变化与价格变化相互关系的混乱状况。在新经济时代坚持和发展马克思劳动价值理论,必须在正确理解马克思劳动价值理论的基础上结合新经济时代的实际进行理论创新。     

浅论缩短反馈时间在中学英语写作教学中的作用

本文通过调查一所普通中学学生对教师英语作文反馈时间的偏好并进行实验研究,利用统计学的描述性统计,独立/相关样本T检验分析方法,作者发现缩短反馈时间确实能够提高学生的英语写作水平,并结合其对教学的启示进行了讨论。     

中国上市公司财务预警实证研究

在对国外公司财务预警经典研究成果进行回顾和总结的基础上,运用多元判别分析方法（MDA）和逐步判别分析（Stepdisc）等方法逐层推进构造预测模型,以经济实用为选择标准,最终建立一个预测准确率最高、变量最少的适合中国实际情况的财务危机预测模型。     

蝴蝶翩翩梦寰宇——谈老庄思想与几位英美作家的心灵契合

老庄思想自古是中国知识分子遭受挫折后藉以调节心理，安顿生命，养护心灵的哲学，老庄著作自19世纪末翻译成英文传入西方后受到了学术界的广泛关注，并进入一些著名作家的创作视野。文章撷取了奥尼尔、王尔德、毛姆三位英美作家的代表作品加以分析，综合评述了有关他们的创作与道家思想的某些契合关系，揭示出他们各自生活中不同的精神创伤是老庄思想与他们取得共同的心灵契合的原因。     

美国资本主义经济发展中的契约自由与合同法

合同法是美国法律体系中最重要的柱石之一 ,契约自由是美国资本主义社会的一个重要标志。但美国合同法走过的历史道路也许不能简单地概括为从意愿论的胜利到合同的死亡。 2 0世纪的美国合同法面临重重挑战 :立法入侵、行政机构权力的扩大、大公司的发展、经济的复杂化和不确定性、社会各阶层对公平的要求。为了应对这些挑战 ,美国合同法进行了重大调整。这些调整最重要的目标就是使合同法具有适应社会经济变化的更大的灵活性和更高的公平标准。     

无限家园--读廖志理的组诗《来自生活最初的激情》

文章通过解读组诗文本,抓住家园情结这一内核,较为翔实地剖析了诗人对农耕民族的精神历程与诗意关怀,并归纳了三个艺术特点即忧患精神的张扬、时空转换的把握和整体象征的艺术自觉.