Beyond toleration: privacy, citizenship and sexual minorities in England and Wales

This paper examines two significant moments in sexual minority citizenship in England and Wales in relation to one of the Marshallian sets of rights, namely, civil or legal rights, focusing specifically on the Sex Offences legislation and policing practices. The first moment that will be examined here is the process whereby homosexual acts were decriminalized in the 1950s and 1960s; here special attention will be paid to the recommendations made by the Wolfenden Committee. The second moment is one we are currently experiencing, which is associated with the inclusive policing of sexual minority communities (especially lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities) under the provisions of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and in the review of Sex Offences, especially in the consultation paper (Home Office 2000) and White Paper (Home Office 2002) associated with this review. Privacy and toleration dominate the first moment, at the same time it shall be demonstrated that privacy is also central to the British Sexual Citizenship literatures that have emerged in sociology in the post-Wolfenden context. However, as the title suggests, the second moment under examination points to the emergence of a rather more extensive sexual minority citizenship beyond the boundaries of 'homosexual privacy' (which British Sexual Citizenship Studies is not currently engaging with) and perhaps even beyond the boundaries of toleration through ever more 'inclusive' policing strategies and through the review of sex offences in which many discriminatory laws are being 'de-homosexualized'.     

对新刑法中国家工作人员的认识

根据修订后的新刑法第九十三条对国家工作人员的有关规定 ,结合刑法理论和司法实践 ,国家机关人员应包括国家机关中从事公务的工作人员和“以国家工作人员论”的国家工作人员两部分 ,其本质特征就在于“从事公务” ,因此 ,“利用职务之便”是国家工作人员职务犯罪客观构成的本质要件 ,也是国家工作人员职务犯罪与普通犯罪的根本区别所在。     

再论经济犯罪的概念

作为经济犯罪的概念海外和国内学者对统一归纳和梳理并取得了一定的研究成果。在此基础上,提出了经济犯罪概念在本质上只能是刑法学概念,而不能是犯罪学概念,从而在界定的路径和方式上予以了根本性的廓清。进而,对经济犯罪的"本质结构"展开了讨论,并对经济犯罪的内涵和外延进行了归纳。     

浅析司法实践中的“漏斗效应”

犯罪问题,古今中外普遍存在,是一个产生原因错综复杂、表现形式变化多样的重大社会问题,而在追究犯罪人刑事责任方面也出现了"破案多、捕判少"的漏斗现象.如何正确分析理解"漏斗效应"是当前期待解决的一个重要课题.     

巨额财产来源不明罪的司法认定若干问题探讨

巨额财产来源不明罪是适应惩治腐败犯罪分子的需要而规定的一种新罪。在司法实践中具体包括 :“关于是否继承遗产、接受遗赠或馈赠的认定、巨额财产是否来源于借贷关系或保管关系的认定”等五个问题。认定这些问题的关键在于 :重调查研究、重证据 ,采用合法、合理、合情的科学推理、判断原则 ,从而对来源不明的巨额财产做出是否构成犯罪的正确结论。     

如何认定原因自由行为的着手

原因自由行为是为给那些由于行为人故意或过失地使自己陷入无责任能力,然后在无责任能力状态下,实施犯罪行为提供处罚依据的一种理论。然而,这一理论从一引进来就引起了学者们的激烈争论。对于这一理论,如何认定其着手,学者们意见分歧,本文认为在解决着手的认定之前,首先应当明确原因自由行为的处罚对象。原因自由行为中原因行为的可罚性。能否可以通过立法的方式赋予原因行为具有实行行为性,这是解决原因自由行为着手认定的关键所在。     

The victim–offender overlap in late adulthood

This study contributes to the general knowledge of the victim–offender overlap by determining whether the phenomenon exists among older adults and whether known correlates of crime and victimization explain the relationship. Cross-sectional survey data from telephone interviews conducted with individuals 60 years and older (N = 2,000) residing in Arizona and Florida are used to estimate confirmatory factor models for both victimization and criminal offending. The results from a series of multivariate regression models show that victimization is associated with criminal offending. While factors such as low self-control, depression, and spending time in commercial drinking establishments partially attenuate the victimization–crime link, the statistically significant relationship persists in a multivariate context. Further testing indicates that the observed findings are robust across measurement and modeling strategies. Coupled with prior research, the results support the argument that the victim–offender overlap exists (and is difficult to explain) over the life course.     

网络犯罪的理论与立法问题研究

网络犯罪在刑法上属于特殊类型的犯罪。随着计算机信息网络的进一步发展,在理论上对网络犯罪问题的研究也日益受到关注。在理论和立法上,概括了网络犯罪概念的各种学说并进行了分析,提出了界定网络犯罪的见解;在犯罪构成上,论述了网络犯罪客体的复杂性、行为方式的独特性、犯罪主体的智能型和主观罪过的预见性,提出了完善立法的意见;在刑事处罚上,提出了我国刑法对网络犯罪的处罚规定存在的缺陷以及立法建议。     

论我国有组织犯罪立法的缺陷及完善

世界范围内对“有组织犯罪”的研究已有所建树,但我国理论上尚未明确“有组织犯罪”的内涵和外延,由于理论和司法实践的认识,通说认为我国目前并不存在传统意义上的黑社会组织,最多只是具有黑社会组织某些特征的黑社会性质组织。刑法关于黑社会性质组织犯罪只规定了三个罪名①,存在立法缺失,不利于打击犯罪;对于黑社会性质组织或其成员,也尚未建立严格的财产刑罚和有针对性的特殊减免制度,不利于瓦解犯罪组织。从法律规定应当科学、合理及满足司法实践的要求来看,立法上有必要进一步完善有关有组织犯罪。     

环境友好型社会与环境犯罪立法的完善

人与自然的和谐是未来社会价值体系的核心概念,也是建设环境友好型社会的一个重要方面。虽然中国政府在环境友好型社会的建设中做了大量工作,但是中国的环境状况却继续呈恶化的趋势,特别是环境犯罪数量日益增多,危害不断扩大。作为破坏环境资源的极端形式,环境犯罪不仅是对中国生态环境的现实威胁,而且对可持续发展战略构成了巨大的障碍。预防和遏制该类犯罪是为建设环境友好型社会提供法制保障的重要一环。因此,有必要全面审视和清理中国现行的环境刑事立法,对环境犯罪的立法完善进行深入探讨,在此基础上进一步探索和完善环境犯罪的执法对策。